FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT Flashcards
What is Motion?
An act of changing place or position; motion is movement
What are the 3 types of motion?
Acceleration – rate of change
Speed – rate of movement
Velocity – quickness or speed in a given time and direction
What is Newton’s first law?
Inertia – object at rest will remain at rest, or object in motion will continue in motion at same speed and direction until acted upon by outside force
Newton’s second law?
Force – if object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by external force, the change will be directly proportional to amount of force and inversely proportional to mass of object being moved
Newton’s third law?
Action and Reaction – for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is Bernoulli’s Principle?
When a fluid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction the speed of the fluid passing through is increased and its pressure decreased.
How is lift created on aircraft?
Accomplished by the difference in the airflow across the airfoil.
What is Lift?
Force that acts, in an upward direction, to support AC in air. It counteracts effects of weight.
Lift must be greater than or equal to weight to sustain flight
What is Weight?
Force of gravity acting downward on AC and everything on it.
What is Drag?
Force that holds the AC back. Drag resists motion.
What is Thrust?
Force developed by ACs engine, and acts in forward direction. Thrust must be greater than or equal to the effects of drag.
Explain the Longitudinal Axis
Imaginary line running down the center of AC between the nose and tail. *roll
** for fixed Ailerons **rotary Cyclic Sick
Explain Lateral Axis.
Imaginary line running parallel to the wings *pitch
** for fixed Elevators ** rotary Cyclic stick
Explain Vertical Axis
Imaginary line form top to the bottom of AC *yaw
** for fixed Rudder ** rotary Tail Rotor
What is the Flap?
On the leading or trailing edge. Creates extra lift.
What is a Spoiler
Used to decrease wing lift. Creates better landing
What is Speed brakes?
Hinged control surfaces for reducing speed of aircraft
What is a Slats?
Movable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wing. When open a slot is created known as the boundary layer control.
What does the term Collective mean?
Lift may be changed by collectively increasing the angle of attack. When rotor is turning and blades are at zero angle, no lift is developed.
What does Angle of Attack (AoA) mean?
The angle the airfoil meets a flow of air. Or angle between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind. Measured in “units”
What is Autorotation?
Method of allowing a helo to land from altitude without using engine power.
What are the parts of a Hydraulic system? And the purpose?
Reservoir – to hold hydraulic fluid Pump – flow of fluid Tubing – transmit fluid Selector Valve – direct flow Actuating unit – convert fluid pressure into useful work
What are the different components of landing gear? And the purposes.
Shock Strut Assembly – absorbs shock that would be sustained by Airframe.
Tires – allows to roll easily and provides traction.
Wheel Brake Assembly – slow and stop AC. Also prevent AC from rolling.
Retracting and Extending Mechanism – electrically or hydraulically extend & retract landing gear.
Side Struts and Supports – lateral strength for landing gear.
