FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT

Question 1

What is Motion?

Answer 1

An act of changing place or position; motion is movement

Question 2

What are the 3 types of motion?

Answer 2

Acceleration – rate of change
Speed – rate of movement
Velocity – quickness or speed in a given time and direction

Question 3

What is Newton’s first law?

Answer 3

Inertia – object at rest will remain at rest, or object in motion will continue in motion at same speed and direction until acted upon by outside force

Question 4

Newton’s second law?

Answer 4

Force – if object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by external force, the change will be directly proportional to amount of force and inversely proportional to mass of object being moved

Question 5

Newton’s third law?

Answer 5

Action and Reaction – for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 6

What is Bernoulli’s Principle?

Answer 6

When a fluid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction the speed of the fluid passing through is increased and its pressure decreased.

Question 7

How is lift created on aircraft?

Answer 7

Accomplished by the difference in the airflow across the airfoil.

Question 8

What is Lift?

Answer 8

Force that acts, in an upward direction, to support AC in air. It counteracts effects of weight.
Lift must be greater than or equal to weight to sustain flight

Question 9

What is Weight?

Answer 9

Force of gravity acting downward on AC and everything on it.

Question 10

What is Drag?

Answer 10

Force that holds the AC back. Drag resists motion.

Question 11

What is Thrust?

Answer 11

Force developed by ACs engine, and acts in forward direction. Thrust must be greater than or equal to the effects of drag.

Question 12

Explain the Longitudinal Axis

Answer 12

Imaginary line running down the center of AC between the nose and tail. *roll
** for fixed Ailerons **rotary Cyclic Sick

Question 13

Explain Lateral Axis.

Answer 13

Imaginary line running parallel to the wings *pitch

** for fixed Elevators ** rotary Cyclic stick

Question 14

Explain Vertical Axis

Answer 14

Imaginary line form top to the bottom of AC *yaw

** for fixed Rudder ** rotary Tail Rotor

Question 15

What is the Flap?

Answer 15

On the leading or trailing edge. Creates extra lift.

Question 16

What is a Spoiler

Answer 16

Used to decrease wing lift. Creates better landing

Question 17

What is Speed brakes?

Answer 17

Hinged control surfaces for reducing speed of aircraft

Question 18

What is a Slats?

Answer 18

Movable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wing. When open a slot is created known as the boundary layer control.

Question 19

What does the term Collective mean?

Answer 19

Lift may be changed by collectively increasing the angle of attack. When rotor is turning and blades are at zero angle, no lift is developed.

Question 20

What does Angle of Attack (AoA) mean?

Answer 20

The angle the airfoil meets a flow of air. Or angle between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind. Measured in “units”

Question 21

What is Autorotation?

Answer 21

Method of allowing a helo to land from altitude without using engine power.

Question 22

What are the parts of a Hydraulic system? And the purpose?

Answer 22

Reservoir – to hold hydraulic fluid
Pump – flow of fluid
Tubing – transmit fluid
Selector Valve – direct flow
Actuating unit – convert fluid pressure into useful work

Question 23

What are the different components of landing gear? And the purposes.

Answer 23

Shock Strut Assembly – absorbs shock that would be sustained by Airframe.
Tires – allows to roll easily and provides traction.
Wheel Brake Assembly – slow and stop AC. Also prevent AC from rolling.
Retracting and Extending Mechanism – electrically or hydraulically extend & retract landing gear.
Side Struts and Supports – lateral strength for landing gear.