FIRST AID

Question 1

3 objectives of first aid?

Answer 1

1) PREVENT FURTHER INJURY
2) PREVENT INFECTION
3) PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE

Question 2

FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF FIRST AID CATEGORIZED INTO 8 MAIN AREAS

Answer 2

1) BLEEDING
2) BURNS
3) FRACTURES
4) ELECTRIC SHOCK
5) OBSTRUCTED AIRWAYS
6) HEAT RELATED INJURIES
7) COLD WEATHER INJURIES
8) SHOCK

Question 3

4 METHODS TO CONTROL BLEEDING?

Answer 3

1) DIRECT PRESSURE
2) ELEVATION
3) PRESSURE POINTS
4) TOURNIQUET (LAST RESORT)

Question 4

PRESSURE POINT?

Answer 4

POINT ON BODY WHERE MAIN ARTERY LIES NEAR SURFACE AND OVER BONE. YOU CAN REDUCE OR STOP BLOOD FLOW WITH PRESSURE. 11 PRINCIPAL POINT ON EACH SIDE OF BODY.

Question 5

3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BURNS

Answer 5

FIRST DEGREE
SECOND DEGREE
THIRD DEGREE

Question 6

1st degree burn

Answer 6

Produces redness, warmth and mild pain

Question 7

2nd degree burn

Answer 7

Causes red, blistered skin and severe pain

Question 8

3rd degree burn

Answer 8

destroys tissue, skin, and bone in severe cases. Pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed.

Question 9

What are the 2 types of Fractures?

Answer 9

Closed/simple and Open/compound.

Open meaning skin broken with possible bone protrusion

Question 10

What are the injuries of Electric Shock?

Answer 10

Wide variety from Little or no evidence of injury to severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest.

Question 11

What are the indications of an Obstructed Airway?

Answer 11

Inability to talk, grasping & pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, & skin turning blueish

Question 12

What are the two types of heat related injuries?

Answer 12

Heat Exhaustion, and Heat Stroke

Question 13

What are the symptoms of Heat Exhaustion?

.

Answer 13

Skin is cool, moist, and clammy and the pupils are dilated, usually sweating profusely

Question 14

What are the symptoms of Heat Stroke?

Answer 14

It is a breakdown of the sweating mechanism, unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup. Hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and weak, rapid pulse.

Question 15

What are the 3 types of cold weather injuries?

Answer 15

Hypothermia, Superficial and Deep frostbite.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Hypothermia?

Answer 16

May appear pale and unconscious, breathing is slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable, arms and legs may feel stiff.

Question 17

What is Superficial Frostbite?

Answer 17

Ice crystals are forming in the upper skin layers, exposures to temps of 32 degrees or lower.

Question 18

What is Deep Frostbite?

Answer 18

Ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues, exposures to temps of 32 degrees or lower.

Question 19

What is the definition of Shock?

Answer 19

Body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as result of severe injury or illness.

Question 20

What is Septic Shock?

Answer 20

Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins, caused by pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections like ruptured appendix

Question 21

What is Anaphylactic Shock?

Answer 21

Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction. Insect stings, foods medicines.

Question 22

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 22

Heart is damaged and unable to supply blood to the body, result of heart attack or heart failure

Question 23

Hypovolemic Shock?

Answer 23

Severe blood and fluid loss, from traumatic bodily injury

Question 24

Neurogenic Shock?

Answer 24

Caused by spinal cord injury, from accident or injury

Question 25

What are the 11 principal pressure points?

Answer 25

Superficial temporal artery (temple), Facial artery (jaw), Common carotid artery (neck), Subclavian artery (collar bone), Brachial artery (inner upper arm), Brachial artery (inner elbow), Radial/ulnar artery (wrist), Femoral artery (upper thigh), Iliac artery (groin), Popliteal artery (knee), Anterior/posterior tibial artery (ankle)