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Spanish Wine Scholar 2 > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

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1
Q

Most significant mountain range?

A

The Pirineos

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2
Q

Five primary rivers?

A

Tajo/Tagus River, Ebro River, Duero River, Guadiana River and Guadalquivir.

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3
Q

Who introduced the vine to the Iberian Peninsula?

A

The Phoenetians

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4
Q

Who introduced large vats for crushing and fermentation and small oak barrels?

A

Luciano Murrieta (Marques de Murrieta)

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5
Q

Name one of Spain’s most iconic wineries?

A

Vega Sicilia

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6
Q

Who created the first Spanish Sparkling wine?

A

Raventós

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7
Q

When did Rioja declare a Vintage of the Century?

A

1970

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8
Q

Spain is divided into how many autonomous communities?

A

17

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9
Q

Spain is the ___ largest country in Europe?

A

3rd

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10
Q

Spain is the ___ most mountainous and ___ highest country in Europe

A

3rd and 2nd

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11
Q

Spain is the ___ highest country in Europe

A

2nd

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12
Q

Name of the Central Plateau?

A

The Meseta

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13
Q

Madrid sits in the middle of?

A

The Meseta

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14
Q

Mountain range forming a natural border between Spain and France

A

The Pirineos

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15
Q

What is Spain’s highest peak?

A

Pico del Teide in Las Islas Canarias

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16
Q

Most significant lowland areas?

A

The Ebro Basin and the Andalusian plain

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17
Q

Mainland Spain is bordered by which primary bodies of water?

A

The Bay of Biscay, Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea

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18
Q

Categories of soil?

A

metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic

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19
Q

Sedimentary rocks are formed by?

A

water or wind deposits

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20
Q

Limestone is a kind of

A

Sedimentary soil

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21
Q

What is chalk?

A

porous type of limestone

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22
Q

Ideal soils for Tempranillo?

A

Limestone and Chalk

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23
Q

Parts of Spain composed of sedimentary soils?

A

Madrid, La Mancha and the majority of Cataluña

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24
Q

Type of soil in Jerez

A

Albariza

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25
Q

Albariza has the ability to?

A

Retain water

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26
Q

The soils of Rias Baixas are?

A

Granite

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27
Q

Wines produced in volcanic soils have

A

Pronounced aromatics

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28
Q

Metamorphic rocks are?

A

substances that have been modified by heat and pressure while buried below the surface of the earth.

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29
Q

Metamorphic rocks are found in?

A 
Galicia, 
Pais Vasco, 
Castilla y Leon, 
some Rioja, 
Aragon, 
Navarra 
and parts of Cataluña
Mostly where mountains are
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30
Q

Types of Metamorphic rocks

A

slate and schist

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31
Q

Where is llicorella found?

A

Priorat

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32
Q

Where is Priorat?

A

Cataluña

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33
Q

What makes llicorella unique?

A

makes the vines struggle since they must dig deep for moisture and nutrients

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34
Q

How many climatic zones is mainland Spain divided into?

A

3

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35
Q

What are mainland Spain’s 3 climatic zones?

A

Maritime, Continental, and Mediterranean

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36
Q

Green Spain climate

A

Maritime

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37
Q

Wettest area in Spain

A

Green Spain

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38
Q

Green Spain is made up of

A

Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria & Pais Vasco

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39
Q

Climate in Central part (The Meseta)?

A

Continental

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40
Q

Parts of Central part (The Meseta)?

A

Castilla La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Comunidad de Madrid, Extremadura and parts of Aragon and Navarra

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41
Q

Which part of Spain has the widest diurnal and seasonal variations?

A

La Meseta (Central)

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42
Q

Mediterranean climatic zones stretch from

A

the Andalusian plain along the southern and eastern coast to the Pirineos

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43
Q

What is the Leveche?

A

hot, dry dust southwest wind from North Africa that affects Central Spain

44
Q

To be considered for a promotion to DOCa/DOQ, how many years must the region be a DO?

A

Min. 10

45
Q

What is the time before release for a traditional Reserva rosado?

A

24 months

46
Q

When was the Spanish Denominación de Origen system established by the Wine Statute?

A

1932

47
Q

Where was the use of drip irrigation pioneered in the 1970s?

A

Estate of Marqués de Griñón (VP Dominio de Valdepusa)

48
Q

Which three autonomous regions in Spain produce approximately 60% of the wine?

A

Castilla la Mancha, Cataluña and Rioja

49
Q

Where in Spain is the largest expanse of Malvasia vineyards in Europe?

A

Lanzarote (Las Islas Canarias)

50
Q

Longest river in Iberian Peninsula

A

The Tajo

51
Q

Name the clay jars that historically were used to ferment grape must.

A

Tinajas

52
Q

What is the highest peak in the Pirineos?

A

Aneto in Aragon

53
Q

What additional piece of information must be present on a label for a sparkling wine compared to a still wine?

A

Sugar content

54
Q

Which major river flows into the Mediterranean Sea rather than westward into the Atlantic?

A

Ebro

55
Q

What is the Spanish name for the mixture of yeast and sugar used to initiate a second fermentation in a vino espumoso?

A

Licor de tiraje

56
Q

Name the three primary vine training systems used in Spain.

A

Pergola or parral, en vaso (gobelet) y espaldera

57
Q

Under Vino de Pago (VP), a Pago has the ability to set its own production rules and standards. True or False?

A

True

58
Q

What is the climate of Las Islas Canarias?

A

Subtropical

59
Q

Who started Vega Sicilia in 1864, with cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Merlot?

A

Eloy Lecanda

60
Q

How many years must a Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC) exist before applying for promotion to DO status?

A

5

61
Q

Which method of trellising allows drip irrigation to be installed?

A

Espaldera

62
Q

What are Spain’s three most populated cities?

A

Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia

63
Q

What vine planting method utilizes a chessboard-like pattern in the warmest parts of the country?

A

Marco Real

64
Q

What are four quality standards set by the Consejo Regulador to become a DO?

A

Use of authorized grape varieties, production levels, winemaking methods, and aging times.

65
Q

What are the two primary grapes used for vinos rosados?

A

Garnacha Tinta, Tempranillo

66
Q

What are the two significant lowland areas in Spain?

A

Ebro Basin, Andalusian Plain

67
Q

What are the top five most planted varieties, which represent 60% of Spain’s vineyard area?

A

Airén, Tempranillo, Bobal, Garnacha Tinta, Macabeo/Viura

68
Q

Name the DO exclusively dedicated to vinos dulces.

A

DO Málaga

69
Q

Today, traditional and modern practices coexist in Spain

T o F

A

T

70
Q

What are the aging designations in Spain?

A

Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva

71
Q

What types of wines are produced in Spain?

A

red, white, rosados, espumoso, vino generoso (fortified wine), vino dulce

72
Q

Total minimum time in barrel for joven white wine?

A

none

73
Q

Total minimum time in barrel for joven red wine?

A

none

74
Q

Total minimum time in barrel for joven rosado wine?

A

none

75
Q

Time before release for a joven red wine?

A

1st year following harvest

76
Q

Time before release for a joven white wine?

A

1st year following harvest

77
Q

Time before release for a joven rosado wine?

A

1st year following harvest

78
Q

Total time in barrel for crianza red wine?

A

6 months

79
Q

Total time in barrel for crianza white/rosado wine?

A

6 months

80
Q

Time before release for a crianza rosado/white wine?

A

18 months

81
Q

Time before release for a Crianza red wine?

A

24 months

82
Q

Total time in barrel for Reserva red wine?

A

12 months

83
Q

Time before release for reserva red wine?

A

36 months

84
Q

Total time in barrel for reserva white/rosado wine?

A

6 months

85
Q

Time before release for reserva white/rosado wine?

A

24 months

86
Q

Total time in barrel for Gran reserva white/rosado wine?

A

6 months

87
Q

Time before release for Gran reserva white/rosado wine?

A

48 months

88
Q

Time before release for Gran reserva red wine?

A

60 months

89
Q

Time in barrel for Gran Reserva red wine?

A

18 months

90
Q

What are the two DOCa of Spain?

A

Rioja and Priorat

91
Q

Spanish wine laws recognize how many quality wine designations under the DOP category?

A

4

92
Q

What is Spain’s highest DOP level?

A

Denomincacion de origen calificada (DOCa)

93
Q

To be a DOCa the regions must have DO status for how long?

A

min of 10 years

94
Q

How many DOs in Spain?

A

68

95
Q

To be a DO the production area must be recognized as a quality wine area for?

A

Min. 5 years

96
Q

How many VCs since 2019?

A

7

97
Q

How many VP since 2019?

A

19

98
Q

How many VTs since 2019?

A

42

99
Q

Where is most of Spain’s bulk wine produced?

A

The Meseta

100
Q

What is a Rancio style?

A

Wine with an extremely oxidized character.

101
Q

How is a Rancio style wine made?

A

Wine is put into glass demijohns and left out in the sun before undergoing a minimum 4 year-aging period in oak barrels.

102
Q

Where are Rancio-styled wines produced?

A

DO Rueda fortified “wines from Tierra de Medina” protected by Queen Isabella

DO Tarragona

103
Q

Which grape variety is often used for a Rancio-style wine?

Why?

A

Verdejo

Prone to oxidation

104
Q

How many grapes in Spain and how many product 89% of the wine?

A

Agreed around 200

20 grapes make majority of the wines

105
Q

Which wine region was the first one in Spain to insist on regulations to safeguard quality?

A

Rioja

106
Q

Nueva Planta decree

A

King Phillip V instituted incorporating all autonomous regions eg Aragon and Cataluña losing independence

Spanish Wine Scholar 2 (35 decks)

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