Functionalist Analysis of Youth Cultures Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term value consensus

A

Shared agreement in society on norms and values

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2
Q

What is anomie?

A

Where people have no sense of belonging and lack shared norms and values

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3
Q

What causes anomie?

A

When society goes through a large amount of social change in a short amount of time

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4
Q

Why does the youth stage pose a threat to social stability?

A

As we enter youth we seek independence and try to create our own sense of identity

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5
Q

How do youth cultures prevent social instability?

A

Becoming part of a youth culture gives sense of solidarity which stays until adulthood

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6
Q

Which transition stage of life do youth cultures help with?

A

Childhood to adulthood

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7
Q

What is meant by the term rite of passage?

A

The process in which someone leaves childhood and breaks free from their parents

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8
Q

Which sociologist said that youth cultures help young people to transition?

A

Parsons

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9
Q

How do youth cultures help people to transition according to Parsons?

A

During the rite of passage stage young people feel like they need to be part of society

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10
Q

Who created the sociological concept of ‘Limbo’?

A

Eisenstadt

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11
Q

What is ‘Limbo’?

A

A period of uncertainty where young people can feel stress and anomie

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12
Q

How does youth culture help with the ‘Limbo’ stage according to Einstadt?

A

It offers a safe outlet for them to express their frustration and make their own opinions

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13
Q

According to Hirschi, why do some people get involved in deviant youth cultures?

A

No attachment to family members means they’re more likely to be influenced by peers who may be deviant

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14
Q

What does Merton say the American Dream is?

A

Americans are socialised in to the value consensus of success and material wealth

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15
Q

Why is the American Dream value consensus an issue for some to follow?

A

There was a strain between the socially encouraged goals of society and the socially acceptable ways of reaching them

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16
Q

What are the 5 classes of peoples actions in society to achieve success?

A

Conformists Retreatists Rebels Innovators Ritualists

17
Q

What are the four adaptations?

A

Ritualists Retreatists Rebels Innovators

18
Q

What do Conformists do?

A

Worked toward their employment. Pursue American Dream through socially approved means

19
Q

What do Ritualists do?

A

Dont aspire to society’s goals but accept the means of achieving them. They have less ambitious goals

20
Q

What do Innovators do?

A

People seen as criminals who support the goals of society. Use criminal means to achieve the goals though

21
Q

What do Retreatists do?

A

Reject society’s goals and do their own thing such as drug addicts

22
Q

What do Rebels do?

A

Create alternative goals to society and seek a counterculture. Such as terrorists

23
Q

What are working class boys in Cohen’s study suffering from?

A

The aspiration of achieving middle class success but failing

24
Q

How do the working class boys in Cohen’s study solve this problem?

A

They behave badly and engage in antisocial behaviours

25
Q

What types of cultures might the working class boys join?

A

Anti-school subcultures

26
Q

Anti-school subcultures

A

They see you can succeed illegally, youths are inspired to do the same

27
Q

How do retreatists or rebels explain Hippy youth culture?

A

Lots of hippys dropped out of school which is retreatists, and lots of them took a lot of drugs which is the Rebel adaptation

28
Q

What did Durkheim say the purpose of evolving norms and values was?

A

To move society forward

29
Q

Who created the concept of social cohesion?

A

Durkheim

30
Q

What is social cohesion?

A

The idea that order in society is maintained with similarity

31
Q

How do acts of terrorism help set boundaries according to Durkheim?

A

It allows society to re-evaluate the norms and values in their culture

32
Q

What type of macro theory is Functionalism under?

A

Structuralism

33
Q

What are the 4 pre-requisites all agents of socialisation have? Who said this?

A

Goals, Adaptation, Integration, Latent Functions. Created by Parsons

34
Q

How would Marxists and Feminists criticise Functionalism in terms of their approach?

A

They would say they ignore the conflict in society

35
Q

What is an assumption which can be seen as a criticism of Functionalism with behaviour?

A

They assume that everyone follows the same behavioural patterns and that these are static

36
Q

What does Merton say about traditional agents of socialisation?

A

They can be changed

37
Q

Give an example of how agents of socialisation can be changed

A

People can be homeschooled instead of going to a public school