FSOT Master 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Treaty of San Francisco?
A
The Treaty of Peace with Japan between the Allied Powers and Japan, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951 in San Francisco, California. The treaty served to officially end World War II, to formally end Japan’s position as an imperial power and allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes. The Treaty made extensive use of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies’ goals.
2
Q
Treaty of Tientsin?
A
Treaty signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860). France, UK, Russia, and the United States were party. These treaties opened eleven more Chinese ports (see Treaty of Nanjing) to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium. They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Beijing Convention in 1860, after the end of the war.
3
Q
Treaty of Versailles
A
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans. (p. 763)
4
Q
Treaty Ports
A
Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality. (p. 685)
5
Q
Triangle of Trade
A
common pattern linking Africa, The Americas, and Europe
6
Q
tributary system
A
A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. (279)
7
Q
tribute system
A
A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. (p. 307)
8
Q
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
A
- Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy
2. GB, France, Russia
9
Q
trireme
A
Greek and Phoenician warship of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. It was sleek and light, powered by 170 oars arranged in three vertical tiers. Manned by skilled sailors, it was capable of short bursts of speed and complex maneuvers. (p. 132)
10
Q
Trojan War
A
fought between Greece and Troy, the Greeks sailed to Troy to recover Helen of Troy
11
Q
tropics
A
Equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally warm or hot temperatures year-round, though much variation exists due to altitude and other factors. (370)
12
Q
Troy
A
Site in northwest Anatolia, overlooking the Hellespont strait, where archaeologists have excavated a series of Bronze Age cities. One of these may have been destroyed by Greeks ca. 1200 B.C.E., as reported in Homer’s epic poems. (p. 76)
13
Q
Truman Doctrine
A
1947; Us would provide economic aid to countries that said they were threatened by communist expansion
14
Q
tsar
A
From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). (pp. 340, 551)
15
Q
tsar
A
From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). (pp. 340, 551)
16
Q
Tulip Period
A
Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. (p. 530)
17
Q
Tupac Amaru II
A
Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family. (p. 493)
18
Q
Two main architectural styles of this era:
A
1)Romanesque 2)Gothic
19
Q
Two main branches of Islam:
A
1)Sunni 2)Shiites
20
Q
Two main oponnents during the Punic Wars?
A
1)Rome 2)Carthage
21
Q
Two main rivers in Mesopotamia
A
1) Tigris River 2)Euphrates River
22
Q
Uigurs
A
A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. (p. 284)
23
Q
ulama
A
Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)
24
Q
Umayyad Caliphate
A
First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. (p. 232)
25
umma
The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. (p. 231)
26
UN Earth Summit?
In 1992, a meeting of 172 nations in Rio de Janeiro. It was unprecedented for a United Nations conference, in terms of both its size and the scope of its concerns. The issues addressed included: systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste, alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change, new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog, the growing scarcity of water, An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol.
27
Under Maria Theresa, Austria's greatest enemy was..?
Prussia
28
Under Stalin's command economy, all economic decisions were made by
government officials alone
29
Under the post war constitution of Japan, who was the head of government?
a prime minister selected by the diet
30
United Nations
International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. (p. 833)
31
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. (p. 892)
32
universities
Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. (p. 407)
33
Upanishads
Made in 800-400BCE refers to the the practice of disciples gathering fro religious discussion.
34
Urban II
The pope that launched the crusades in 1095. Called for Christian kings to take back the holy land, Jerusalem.
35
Urdu
A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. (p. 388)
36
utopian socialism
Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively (616
37
Vandals
Peop[le of northern Europe who plundered Rome in the 5th century.
38
variolation
The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. (p. 559)
39
varna/jati
Two categories of social identity of great importance in Indian history. Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class. (177)
40
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428)
41
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific and claimed it for Spain.
42
vassal
In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. (p. 256)
43
Vatican II
1960s liberalization and modernization of church.
44
Vedas
Early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down. (175)
45
VENONA project?
A long-running and highly secret collaboration between United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdom's MI5 and GCHQ that involved the cryptanalysis of messages sent by several Soviet intelligence agencies, starting in the 1940s.
46
Viche regime?
It was a dictatorship government in france, after the armistice with Hitler and the dissolution of the Third Republic, mainly from 1940-1942. It wanted to return france to a conservative ideal. It helped the Nazis oppress french citizens, and even fought against the allies in north africa. It was headed by Maréchal Philippe Pétain. In 1942, germany invaded the southern half of france, which had been free, as a result of the allied invasion of north africa. At this point, the vichy regime was basically just a figurehead.
47
Victorian Age
Reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain (1837-1901). The term is also used to describe late-nineteenth-century society, with its rigid moral standards and sharply differentiated roles for men and women and for middle-class and working-class people (711)
48
Vidkun Quisling
Norwegian collaborator during WWII. Made had of government under German control.
49
Viet Cong
communist guerilla movement in vietnam
50
Vietminh
COMMUNIST DOMINATED VIETNAMESE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT, OPERATE OUT OF CHINA IN WWII, GUERILLA TACTICS
51
Vietnam War
Conflict pitting North Vietnam and South Vietnamese communist guerrillas against the South Vietnamese government, aided after 1961 by the United States. (p. 838)
52
Viking
Sea going Scandinavian raiders who devastated coastal areas of Europe. From the 8th to the 11trh century. Cross Atlantic to Iceland to Greenland to North American.
53
Vikings
Outstanding seafarers who had shallow draft boats and raided Enland, France, and Russia.
54
Villa Pancho
Mexican revolutionary leader. He attacked New Mexico, which almost caused war.
55
Virgil
most famous Latin poet
56
Vishnu
A Hindu god that had its own devotional cult. The preserver of the world.
57
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed. (p. 761)
58
Volga River
European continent's longest, and the principal waterway of western Russia and the historic cradle of the Russian state. Its basin, sprawling across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia, contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic, and has immense economic, cultural, and historic importance.
59
Wari
Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as colony of Tiwanaku. (p. 314)
60
Wars of the Roses?
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The name Wars of the Roses was not used at the time, but has its origins in the badges chosen by the two royal houses, the Red Rose of Lancaster, whose retainers tended to favour red coats or red roses as their symbol, and the White Rose of York, whose men often sported white coats, or white rose insignia. The Wars were fought largely by the landed aristocracy and armies of feudal retainers. The House of Lancaster found most of its support in the south and west of the country, while support for the House of York came mainly from the north and east. The Wars of the Roses, with their heavy casualties among the nobility, would usher in a period of great social upheaval in feudal England and ironically lead to the fall of the Plantagenet dynasty. The period would see the decline of English influence on the Continent, a weakening of the feudal power of the nobles and by default a strengthening of the merchant classes, and the growth of a strong, centralized monarchy under the Tudors. It arguably heralded the end of the medieval period in England and the movement towards the Renaissance.
61
Warsaw Pact
The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (p. 836)
62
Was diplomacy after WWI more or less open / democratic?
More.
63
water wheel
A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900. (p. 398)
64
Weimar Republic
Democracy after WWI, Fredrick Erber. Hindenburg, Germany
65
Western Front
A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other. (p. 757)
66
What action on November 11, 1918 brought an end to WWI?
an armistice was signed
67
What actions led to teh formation of new nations out of the Central Powers?
provisions of peace treaties signed with teh Central Powers
68
What African countries were never colonized?
Ethiopia and Liberia.
69
What are The Gospels?
Part of the new testament, 4 books recording jesus' life and teachings, often in his own words.
70
What book is Mohammed responsible for?
The Quran.
71
What came first, Alexander the Great, The Roman Empire, The Greek Empire, Plato?
THe Greek Empire, then Plato, then Alexander, Then The Romans.
72
What caused low food supplies in Africa during European colonization?
Europeans insisted on the growth of cash crops, such as cotton
73
What caused the japanese emperor to have reduced power after the war?
Allies' insistence
74
What city became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy after the conquest of the papal states?
Rome
75
What combination led to the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad?
Russian troops and the Russian winter
76
What contributed to the weakness of the Weimar Republic? (3)
uncontrollable inflation, a lack of democratic tradition, a large number of political parties
77
What country did Buddhism originate in? What are it's beliefs?
India by Buddha. Meditation, individual enlightenment.
78
What country did Confucianismism originate in? What are it's beliefs?
China by Confucius. Social harmony, importance of families.
79
What country did Hinduism originate in? What are it's beliefs?
India. Reincarnation and levels of spirituality and society.
80
What country did Taoism originate in? What are it's beliefs?
China by Lao-Tzu. Harmony with Nature.
81
What country suffered the most lost territory as a result of the unification of Italy?
Austria
82
What crucial lesson was learned in the Battle of Britain
That Hitler's advances could be blocked
83
What did Frederick the great believe a ruler should be?
father to his people
84
What did Klemens von Metternich Not want to accomplish at the Congress of Vienna?
Create beginnings of European democracy
85
What did Napoleon not accomplish?
An expansion of freedom of speech
86
What did Sergey Witte do to finance Russian industries?
launched a program of higher taxes and foreign investments
87
What did the Allies' strategy of island hopping in the pacific involve?
attacks on only islands that were not well defended
88
What did the Central Powers gain over Russia at the battle near Tannenberg? (3)
Germany drove the Russians into full retreat, G regained East Prussia, G seized numerous guns and horses
89
WHat did the Glorious Revolution bring to England's throne?
William of Orange
90
What did the pogroms that occurred in the late 19th century Russia do?
violently persecute Jews
91
What did the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare refer to?
Germany's policy to sink any ship in Britain's water without warning
92
What did the Roman empire contribute to the world?
Roads, bridges, aqueducts, and a codified legal system. It lasted 800 years.
93
What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war effort?
total war
94
What does fascism stress?
nationalism
95
What does the use of kamikaze pilots show about Japanese culture?
they valued national honor more than individual life
96
What does the word Plebiscite mean?
vote of the people
97
What effect did the Dawes Plan have on the economy of Postwar Germany?
it saved Germany from an inflationary crisis and stabilized the economy
98
What empire controlled the highest percentage of world population in human history?
The Roman Empire.
99
What empire controlled the most territory in human history?
The British Empire was, at one time, the foremost global power, and the most extensive empire in the history of the world. It was a product of the European Age of Discovery that began with the global maritime explorations of Portugal and Spain in the late 15th century. By 1921 the British Empire held sway over a population of about 470–570 million people; roughly a quarter of the world's population. It covered about 14.3 million square miles (more than 37 million km²), about a quarter of the world's total land are
100
What ere the goals of the five year plans? (3)
rapid industrial growth, stronger national defense, modernization of the Soviet economy
101
What event best illustrates geopolitics?
Crimean War
102
What event caused ITaly to refuse to support its ally Germany?
German invasion of Belgium
103
What event in Sarajevo ignited the Great War?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
104
What event led to the War of the Spanish Succession?
Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir, added to the Bourbon power
105
What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression?
The stock market crash of 1929
106
What event occurred on the day described as "a day which will live in infamy"?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
107
What event signified the formal end of the Byzantine Empire?
The Ottomons attacked the city of Constantinople (shocked the Christian world)
108
What event was strongly influenced by economic problems?
The declaration of war by France on Prussia
109
What fear added to the appeal of fascism in Italy and Germany?
a Communist revolution
110
What gamble did Germany make before the United States entered the war?
that their blockade would defeat Britain before US troops arrived
111
What happened as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny?
the british gov. took direct command of India
112
What impact did Russia's involvement in WWI have on the Russian gov?
it revealed the weaknesses of czarist rule and military leadership
113
What impact did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Germany?
it allowed Germany to focus all their efforts on the Western front
114
What impact did the war have on the economy of Europe?
it drained the treasuries of Europe
115
What increased during the Great depression? (3)
bank closings, unemployment, business failures
116
What is a totalitarian state?
a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life
117
What is an accurate description for Goethe, Chopin, Coleridge, and Constable?
Romantic
118
What is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution
members of the 3rd estate paid all taxes
119
What is identified with romanticism?
gothic novel
120
What is the most probable link between militarism and imperialism?
as a country gains colonies, its military grows to protect them
121
What is the oldest branch of christianity?
Catholicism.
122
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
123
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
124
What is the proper matching of realism vs romanticism to Daguerre Charles Dickens and Ludwig van Beethoven?
Louis Daguerre – realism, Charles Dickens – realism, Ludwig van Beethoven- romanticism
125
What issue arose after the king called for the Estates General to meet?
how many votes each estate gets
126
What key factor led to th eformation of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entete?
Bismark's fear of France's army and Britain's fear of Germany's empire
127
What killed more people: the black plague or colonization of america?
Colonization of America.
128
What led to the economic downfall of Spain? (3)
expensive war, Jew and Muslim expulsion, english raids on Spanish ships
129
What novel is considered realism?
Little Dorrit
130
What person would most likely have been a radical in the 1800's?
poor student reading about democracy
131
What political trends helped lead to the formation of the Second Reich?
Ruthless leadership
132
What prompted Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany?
German invasion of Poland
133
What reflects the chronological order of events in English history?
english civil war, restoration, glorious revolution
134
What region was referred to as the "powder keg" of Europe?
the Balkan Peninsula
135
What set the stage for Vietnamese resistance against the French?
Peasants had less rice to eat bc the French exported most of it
136
What started the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
The failed 1689 battle of Vienna.
137
What statement summarizes the Schlieffan plan that Germany created to prepare for a 2 front war?
Attack France first, then Russia
138
What strategy did czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon?
scorched earth policy
139
What trait did Napoleon Not possess?
Humility
140
What was an immediate economic cause of the french revolution?
High government spending with low tax collection from the nobles.
141
what was common to both fascism and communism? (3)
a one-party system, a disregard for individual rights, supremacy of the state
142
What was France's Vietnam?
The Algerian war, starting in 1954. Harsh crackdown on Algerian militants lead to independance for Algeria in 1962.
143
What was Hitler's prime reason for wanting to take Poland?
He wanted the Polish Corridor and the port city of Danzig
144
What was most likely NOT influenced by nationalism during the 1800's?
Groups of accepting a long establish form of government.
145
What was NOT a social change during the French Revolution?
Religious fever gripped the nation strengthening the catholic church.
146
What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna?
Nationalistic feelings grew in countries under foreign rule
147
What was one part of Roosevelt's New Deal program to fight the Depression?
The stock market and banking system created their own reform council, gov. agencies took over businesses and farms, large publick works projects helped to provide jobs
148
What was significant about the Battle of Midway?
Turned the tide of the war against the Japanese
149
What was significant in the Allied victory as the First Battle of the Marne?
it resulted in Germany's having to fight on two fronts
150
What was stressed by socialist realism? (3)
value of hard work, glory of soviet life, achievements of Stalin
151
What was teh American public's opinion about joining the League of Nations?
it believed that the US should stay out of European affairs
152
What was the Allies plan for victory over the Nazis?
The allies would fight Germany on two fronts to weaken it
153
What was the concept of wergeld?
the amount of compensation defined in money for loss of a persons life
154
What was the dominant language of the Roman Empire?
Greek
155
What was the farthest west that the Ottoman Empire reached?
In 1529, it lay siege to Vienna. It was unsucessful, and never went farther west.
156
What was the first empire after the death of the Charlemagne?
The Holy Roman Empire, started by Otto the Great.
157
What was the first european empire after the fall of the Romans?
Charlemagne, who ruled a very weak, decentralized empire, with no taxes. After his death, the empire was split under the treaty of Verdun, and eventually dissolved.
158
What was the goal of Hitler's final solution
It was genocide of people the Nazis considered inferior
159
What was the Great Turkish War?
The Great Turkish War was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers at the time (joined into a Holy League) during the second half of the 17th century. It marked the end of the Ottoman incursion into Europe. 1683–1699. The Ottomans ceded most of Hungary, Transylvania and Slavonia to Austria while Podolia passed to Poland. Most of Dalmatia passed to Venice, along with the Morea (the Peloponnesus peninsula).
160
What was the immediate results of the French Revolution in 1789?
French middle class had increased power
161
What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
to prevent fighting of European nations over the division of Africa
162
What was the main reson for the Crimean War?
Russia wanted land on the Black Sea to gain access to the Mediterranean
163
What was the major cause of the collapse of the stock market?
Stocks sold for more than they were worth
164
What was the major reason the US declared war on germany in 1917?
WWI was disrupting US trade with France and Britain.
165
What was the pen name of a woman writer?
George sand
166
What was the purpose of the Soviet state's Five-year Plans?
economic development
167
What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter both during and after the war?
it upheld rights of free trade and choice of government, and it became the plan for postwar peace
168
What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?
made clear limits of royal power
169
What was the title given to teh ruler of the new unified German empire?
Kaiser
170
What was the US response to Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia in mid-1941
cut oil supplies to Japan
171
What was trench warfare intended to accomplish?
to protect soldiers from enemy gun fire on the front lines
172
What was true about nationalism?
one's greatest loyalty is not to the king but to the nation of people and the people who ahve common culture
173
What was Wilson's stated reason the US declared war on germany in 1917?
The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in the atlantic.
174
What were the 3 holiest cities of Islam?
1)Mecca 2)Medina 3)Jerusalem
175
What were the Fourteen Points?
a plan for postwar world
176
What were three major components of romanticism?
Love of natures beauty, value of common people, glorification of heroes and heroic actions
177
What what the Thirty Years' war a conflict over?
Religion, Territories, and Power among European ruling families
178
What would an absolute monarch most likely say?
"I am the State"
179
What would Metternich most likely not agree with?
A ruler should never violate the constitution of his or her country
180
What year did Bangladesh become independant?
1971, resulting in the third india - pakistan war.
181
What year did India and Pakistan become nuclear powers?
1998, nearly resulting in a war in 1999.
182
What year did Mexico separate from Spain?
1810. It's war to win its freedom ended in 1821.
183
What year was pakistan partitioned?
1947, immediately fought war with india overt kashmir.
184
What year was Sputnik Launched?
1957
185
What year was the UN founded?
1945 in San Francisco.
186
When did Christianity get it's big break?
In 313, Roman emporer constantine I adopted it as his and the empire's religion, resulting of its spread westward from palestine.
187
When did Islam begin?
In the 7th century, stated by Muhammed in Mecca.
188
When did the 100 years war take place?
Towards the end of the middle ages between France and England.
189
When did the Berlin Wall exist?
1961 to 1989.
190
When did the Black Plague affect europe?
The mid to late 14th century, killing 1/4 of europe.
191
When did the Nuremburg Trials take place?
1945-1946. They were the first international war crimes trials.
192
When did the second war between india and pakistan begin?
1965
193
When was the red cross founded?
1863
194
When was the renaissance?
Approx. 1300 to 1600. It was preceded by the Middle (or Dark) ages and preceded the Modern age.
195
Where was Hadrian's wall located?
Britian
196
where were atomic bombs dropped?
hiroshima and nagasaki
197
WHich 2 countires worked together to build the Suez canal?
Egypt and France
198
Which countires are part of French Indo China?
Cambodia Laos and Vietnam
NOT singapore
199
Which German political party sought to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism?
Nazi
200
Which leaders used modernization to keep their countries independent?
Muhammad Ali and King mongkut
201
Which long-ruling French monarch decided to repeal the Edict of Nantes?
Louis XIV
202
Which nation's actions caused the US to fight in WWI?
Germany
203
Which of the following battles marked the final German offensive?
Battle of the Bulge
204
Which of the following events occurred after the US joined the war?
The bulgarians and turks surrendered
205
Which of the following factors led to the fall of France to the Nazis?
the fall of dunkirk, evacuation of the British forces, Italy's attack on France from the South
206
Which of the following motivated Japan to build an empire?
Japan was overcrowded and faced shortages of raw materials, Japan wanted the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia, Japan took over Manchuria and later fought for the heartland of China
(NOT the emperor wanted a larger empire to suit his divine status)
207
Which of the following was addressed by the Nuremberg Trials?
The holocaust
208
Which of the following was the basis of direct control?
paternalism
209
Which of the following was the location of a Nazi extermination camp?
Auschwitz
210
Which president decided to annex the republic of Hawaii?
President McKinley
211
Which society etablished the first formal alphabet?
Phoenicians
212
Which was a part of the transformation of the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state? (3)
Great purge, 5year plans, establishment of collective farms
213
Which was resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe?
7 years war
214
White man's burden
Phrase used to justify European imperialism (civilize people of color).
215
Who did Libya side with during the cold war?
The US
216
Who embraced fascism? (3)
Juan Peron, Hitler, Mussolini
217
Who greatly westernized imperial Russia?
Peter the great.
218
Who joined the Axis Powers?
Italy Japan and Germany
219
Who led Germany during the last decade of the 1800's and most of WWI?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
220
Who said "The world must be made safe for democracy" ?
Woodrow Wilson in 1917 upon entering WWI.
221
Who supported Caesar?
He was greatly supported by the lower classes, but fought constantly with the Senate.
222
Who was behind the group known as Young Italy?
Garibaldi
223
Who was defeated in the Crimean War?
The Russians
224
Who was forced to assume the sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany
225
Who was not included in the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
226
Who was the major leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
227
Who were realist writers? (3)
Charles Dickens, Gustave Flaubert, Honore de Balzac
228
Who were the Bolsheviks?
radical Russian Marxist revolutionaries
229
Who were the two main gods of Zorostrianism?
1)Ahura 2)devil
230
Who's work did Galileo contradict?
Ptolemy.
231
Why ddi the Maji Maji Rebellion fail?
East Africans believed that magic water would protect them from bullets
232
Why did American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani?
She wanted to restore the political power of the native Hawaiians
233
Why did Bismark seek alliances that later became the Triple Alliance?
to isolate France
234
Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany after invading Poland?
they had promised to uphold the independence of Poland
235
Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?
Egypt could not pay its foreign debt
236
Why did coalition governments usually prove unstable?
they were alliances of several parties who disagreed on many policies
237
Why did coastal nations gain in power during the age of Exploration?
They became very rich and influential due to increased trade. Inland states such as Germany declined in power.
238
Why did Hitler blame the Jewish population for all of Germany's troubles?
Hatred of Jews, or anti-semitism, was a key part of Nazi ideology
239
Why did millions of Germans turn against the leaders of the Weimar Repulblic?
They had signed the Treaty of Versailles
240
Why did Parliament remove James II of England?
he was a devout catholic
241
Why did Parliament remove James II of England?
he was a devout catholic
242
Why did strong states form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe ?
had weak empires and poor economies without a middle class
243
Why did the British style of gov. in Nigeria work better with the Hausa-Fulani than the Igbo and Yoruba?
the Hausa-Fulani were accustomed to a strong central gov.
244
Why did thousands of Boers move north in the Great Trek?
to escape the British
245
Why did westen nations desire lands in the Pacific Rim?
because of their natural resources and strategic location
246
Why is Ram Mohun Roy considered the "father of modern india"?
He called for an end to traditional practices such as widow suicide
247
Why was india considered the "jewel in the crown"?
it was the most valuable of all of Britain's colonies
248
Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central PowerS?
because of their location in the heart of Europe
249
Why were thousands of U.S citizens put in internment camps during the war?
They were of Japanese descent and falsely labeled as enemies
250
Whyd id some US business leasders want to US to annex Hawaii?
Sugar could be old for higher profits
251
William and Mary
First Protestant kings of England.
252
William Pitt
Led British government in 7 years war. Worked to change George III's harsh policies towards American colonies.
253
William the Conqueror
Invaded England from Normandy in 1066. Established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England
254
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of GB in WWII. Kept brittain moral going during german aieral assults
255
witch-hunt
The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 464)
256
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. (p. 762)
257
World Bank
A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (p. 834)
258
writing
- enabled people to keep records, pass on learning and transfer information
- allowed people to keep historical records of themselves
- developed by Sumerians between 3500 and 3000 BCE
259
WTO
An international body established in 1995 to foster and bring order to international trade. (p. 889)
260
Wye River Accords?
A political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. It was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat. It was negotiated at Wye River, MD (at the Wye River Conference Center) and signed at the White House with President Bill Clinton playing a key role as the official witness. On November 17, 1998, Israel's 120 member parliament, the Knesset, approved the Wye River Memorandum by a vote of 75-19. With the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Intifada in September of 2000, and the counter-attacks by the Israel Defense Forces, the Wye River's understandings and goals remain un-implemented.
261
Xia Dynasty
Chinese Dynasty by legendary king Yu in 2200BCE
262
Xiongnu
A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168)
263
Yahweh
Hebrew name for God
264
Yalta conference?
It was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. The delegations were headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, respectively. They discussed houw Germany would be occupied, how europe would be rebuilt, and Russia pledged to enter the war against Japan soon after Germany was defeated. They also set the date for the UN charter conference, which would be held in San Francisco.
265
Yamagata Arimoto
One of the leaders of the Meiji Restoration. (p. 722)
266
Yangtze and Yellow (Huang Ho) Rivers
Two giant rivers that are crucial for movement of goods and people through China. Huang Ho was where China's first civilized societies emerged. Both rivers are joined by human-made Grand Canal not far from Pacific Ocean.
267
Yasir Arafat
Head of PLO 1968 until Recently. Won Nobel Prize in 1994 for Oslo Peace accords.
268
Yellow River
A Chinese river whose source is the high plateau of Tibet that is loaded with loess, a rich soil.
269
Yi Kingdom
The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan. (p. 362)
270
yin/yang
In Chinese belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. Yin is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities; yang with feminine, dark, and passive qualities. (p. 63)
271
Yitzhak Rabin
Israeli side during Oslo Accords. Later assassinated by right wing Israeli student.
272
Yongle
Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel (355)
273
Yuan Empire
Empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan. (p. 349)
274
Yuan Shikai
Chinese general and first president of the Chinese Republic (1912-1916). He stood in the way of the democratic movement led by Sun Yat-sen. (p. 768)
275
Zarathustra
The founder of Zarathustrianism.
276
Zen
The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son. (p. 289)
277
Zeno
the founder of Stoicism on the island of Cyprus
278
Zero of Cybrus
founded Stoicism
279
Zheng He
An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422)
280
Zhou
The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History. (p. 61)
281
Zhou Dynasty
(1029-258 BCE) No strong central govt. Ruled by regional princes and royal families
282
ziggurat
massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. (p. 37)
283
Zimbabwe
A powerful kingdom in East Africa with a magnificent stone complex from (900-1200CE)
284
Zoroastrianism
A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil (120)
285
Zulu
A people of modern South Africa whom King Shaka united beginning in 1818. (p. 649)
286
absolute location
exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
287
Adriatic Sea
Sea between Italy and Balkans
288
Aegean sea
Sea between Greece and Turkey
289
Amazon
Source: Glacier-fed lakes in Peru
Outflow: Atlantic Ocean
290
Approx. how many people live in Africa?
900 million.
291
Approx. how many people live in Asia?
3.9 billion.
292
Approx. how many people live in South America?
330 Million.
293
Approx. how many people live in the E.U.?
460 Million.
294
Arabian Sea
Part of the Indian Ocean whose main arms include the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden
295
Asia minor
Peninsula in Western Asia consisting of the Asian part of Turkey
296
Aswan Dam
Major dam on the Nile River in Egypt.
297
Azores
Islands in the Atlantic belonging to Portugal
298
Baltic Sea
Between Europe and Sacandanavia
299
basin
are of land drained by a given river and its branches area of land surrounded by lands of higher elevations
300
Basque region
An area in Northern Spain that has demanded own state.
301
Bavaria
Major state in Southwestern Germany, next to Austria and Czech Republic
302
bay
part of a large basin of water that extends into a shoreline, generally smaller than a gulf
303
Bay of Biscay
Part of Atlantic, bordered west coast of France, north coast of Spain
304
Bay of Gengal
Part of Indian Ocean between India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and SE Asia
305
Bering Sea
Northward extension of the Pacific Ocean between Siberia and Alaska.
306
Black Sea
Sea between Europe and Asia between Ukraine and Turkey
307
Borneo
Island in Indonesia SW of the Phillipines
308
Bosporus
Straight separating the European and the Asian portions of Turkey.
309
Brahmaputra
Source: Himalayan Mountains, Tibet
Outflow: Ganges River
310
canyon
deep and narrow valley with steep walls
311
cape
point of land that extends into a river, lake, or ocean
312
Cape of Good Hope
Southern most point of Africa.
313
Capital of Afghanistan
#NAME?
314
Capital of Albania
#NAME?
315
Capital of Algeria
#NAME?
316
Capital of Andorra
#NAME?
317
Capital of Angola
Luanda
318
Capital of Antigua and Barbuda
- Saint John's
319
Capital of Argentina
#NAME?
320
Capital of Armenia
#NAME?
321
Capital of Australia
#NAME?
322
Capital of Austria
#NAME?
323
Capital of Azerbaijan
#NAME?
324
Capital of Bahrain
#NAME?
325
Capital of Bangladesh
#NAME?
326
Capital of Barbados
#NAME?
327
Capital of Belarus
#NAME?
328
Capital of Belgium
#NAME?
329
Capital of Belize
#NAME?
330
Capital of Benin
#NAME?
331
Capital of Bhutan
#NAME?
332
Capital of Bolivia
- La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
333
Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina
#NAME?
334
Capital of Botswana
#NAME?
335
Capital of Brazil
#NAME?
336
Capital of Brunei
#NAME?
337
Capital of Bulgaria
#NAME?
338
Capital of Burkina Faso
#NAME?
339
Capital of Burundi
#NAME?
340
Capital of Cambodia
#NAME?
341
Capital of Cameroon
#NAME?
342
Capital of Canada
#NAME?
343
Capital of Cape Verde
#NAME?
344
Capital of Central African Republic
#NAME?
345
Capital of Chad
- N'Djamena
346
Capital of Chile
#NAME?
347
Capital of China
#NAME?
348
Capital of Colombia
#NAME?
349
Capital of Comoros
#NAME?
350
Capital of Congo, Democratic Republic
Kinshasa
351
Capital of Congo, Republic of the
#NAME?
352
Capital of Costa Rica
#NAME?
353
Capital of Cote d'Ivoire
- Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
354
Capital of Croatia
#NAME?
355
Capital of Cuba
#NAME?
356
Capital of Cyprus
#NAME?
357
Capital of Czech Republic
#NAME?
358
Capital of Denmark
#NAME?
359
Capital of Djibouti
#NAME?
360
Capital of Dominica
#NAME?
361
Capital of Dominican Republic
#NAME?
362
Capital of East Timor (Timor-Leste)
#NAME?
363
Capital of Ecuador
#NAME?
364
Capital of Egypt
#NAME?
365
Capital of El Salvador
#NAME?
366
Capital of Equatorial Guinea
#NAME?
367
Capital of Eritrea
#NAME?
368
Capital of Estonia
#NAME?
369
Capital of Ethiopia
#NAME?
370
Capital of Fiji
#NAME?
371
Capital of Finland
#NAME?
372
Capital of France
#NAME?
373
Capital of Gabon
#NAME?
374
Capital of Georgia
#NAME?
375
Capital of Germany
#NAME?
376
Capital of Ghana
#NAME?
377
Capital of Greece -
Athens
378
Capital of Grenada
- Saint George's
379
Capital of Guatemala
#NAME?
380
Capital of Guinea
#NAME?
381
Capital of Guinea-Bissau
#NAME?
382
Capital of Guyana
#NAME?
383
Capital of Haiti
#NAME?
384
Capital of Honduras
#NAME?
385
Capital of Hungary
#NAME?
386
Capital of Iceland
#NAME?
387
Capital of India
#NAME?
388
Capital of Indonesia
#NAME?
389
Capital of Iran
#NAME?
390
Capital of Iraq
#NAME?
391
Capital of Ireland
#NAME?
392
Capital of Israel
- Jerusalem*
393
Capital of Italy
#NAME?
394
Capital of Jamaica
#NAME?
395
Capital of Japan
#NAME?
396
Capital of Jordan
#NAME?
397
Capital of Kazakhstan
#NAME?
398
Capital of Kenya
#NAME?
399
Capital of Kiribati
#NAME?
400
Capital of Korea, North
#NAME?
401
Capital of Korea, South
#NAME?
402
Capital of Kosovo
#NAME?
403
Capital of Kuwait
#NAME?
404
Capital of Kyrgyzstan
#NAME?
405
Capital of Laos
#NAME?
406
Capital of Latvia
#NAME?
407
Capital of Lebanon
#NAME?
408
Capital of Lesotho
#NAME?
409
Capital of Liberia
#NAME?
410
Capital of Libya
#NAME?
411
Capital of Liechtenstein
#NAME?
412
Capital of Lithuania
#NAME?
413
Capital of Luxembourg
#NAME?
414
Capital of Macedonia
#NAME?
415
Capital of Madagascar
#NAME?
416
Capital of Malawi
#NAME?
417
Capital of Malaysia
#NAME?
418
Capital of Maldives
#NAME?
419
Capital of Mali
#NAME?
420
Capital of Malta
#NAME?
421
Capital of Marshall Islands
#NAME?
422
Capital of Mauritania
#NAME?
423
Capital of Mauritius
#NAME?
424
Capital of Mexico
#NAME?
425
Capital of Micronesia, Federated States
Palikir
426
Capital of Moldova
#NAME?
427
Capital of Monaco
#NAME?
428
Capital of Mongolia
#NAME?
429
Capital of Montenegro
#NAME?
430
Capital of Morocco
#NAME?
431
Capital of Mozambique
#NAME?
432
Capital of Myanmar (Burma)
- Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
433
Capital of Namibia
#NAME?
434
Capital of Nauru
- no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
435
Capital of Nepal
#NAME?
436
Capital of Netherlands
- Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
437
Capital of New Zealand
#NAME?
438
Capital of Nicaragua
#NAME?
439
Capital of Niger
#NAME?
440
Capital of Nigeria
#NAME?
441
Capital of Norway
#NAME?
442
Capital of Oman
#NAME?
443
Capital of Pakistan
#NAME?
444
Capital of Palau
#NAME?
445
Capital of Panama
#NAME?
446
Capital of Papua New Guinea
#NAME?
447
Capital of Paraguay
#NAME?
448
Capital of Peru
#NAME?
449
Capital of Philippines
#NAME?
450
Capital of Poland
#NAME?
451
Capital of Portugal
#NAME?
452
Capital of Qatar
#NAME?
453
Capital of Romania
#NAME?
454
Capital of Russia
#NAME?
455
Capital of Rwanda
#NAME?
456
Capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis
#NAME?
457
Capital of Saint Lucia
#NAME?
458
Capital of Saint Vincent, Grenadines
#NAME?
459
Capital of Samoa
#NAME?
460
Capital of San Marino
#NAME?
461
Capital of Sao Tome and Principe
#NAME?
462
Capital of Saudi Arabia
#NAME?
463
Capital of Senegal
#NAME?
464
Capital of Serbia
#NAME?
465
Capital of Seychelles
#NAME?
466
Capital of Sierra Leone
#NAME?
467
Capital of Singapore
#NAME?
468
Capital of Slovakia
#NAME?
469
Capital of Slovenia
#NAME?
470
Capital of Solomon Islands
#NAME?
471
Capital of Somalia
#NAME?
472
Capital of South Africa -
Pretoria administrative Cape Town legislative Bloemfontein J
473
Capital of Spain
#NAME?
474
Capital of Sri Lanka
- Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
475
Capital of Sudan
#NAME?
476
Capital of Suriname
#NAME?
477
Capital of Swaziland
#NAME?
478
Capital of Sweden
#NAME?
479
Capital of Switzerland
#NAME?
480
Capital of Syria
#NAME?
481
Capital of Taiwan
#NAME?
482
Capital of Tajikistan
#NAME?
483
Capital of Tanzania
- Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
484
Capital of Thailand
#NAME?
485
Capital of The Bahamas
#NAME?
486
Capital of The Gambia
#NAME?
487
Capital of Togo
#NAME?
488
Capital of Tonga
- Nuku'alofa
489
Capital of Trinidad and Tobago
#NAME?
490
Capital of Tunisia
#NAME?
491
Capital of Turkey
#NAME?
492
Capital of Turkmenistan
#NAME?
493
Capital of Tuvalu
#NAME?
494
Capital of Uganda
#NAME?
495
Capital of Ukraine
#NAME?
496
Capital of United Arab Emirates
#NAME?
497
Capital of United Kingdom
#NAME?
498
Capital of United States of America
#NAME?
499
Capital of Uruguay
#NAME?
500
Capital of Uzbekistan
#NAME?
