FSOT Master 9 Flashcards
Treaty of San Francisco?
The Treaty of Peace with Japan between the Allied Powers and Japan, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951 in San Francisco, California. The treaty served to officially end World War II, to formally end Japan’s position as an imperial power and allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes. The Treaty made extensive use of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies’ goals.
Treaty of Tientsin?
Treaty signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860). France, UK, Russia, and the United States were party. These treaties opened eleven more Chinese ports (see Treaty of Nanjing) to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium. They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Beijing Convention in 1860, after the end of the war.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans. (p. 763)
Treaty Ports
Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality. (p. 685)
Triangle of Trade
common pattern linking Africa, The Americas, and Europe
tributary system
A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. (279)
tribute system
A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. (p. 307)
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
- Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy
2. GB, France, Russia
trireme
Greek and Phoenician warship of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. It was sleek and light, powered by 170 oars arranged in three vertical tiers. Manned by skilled sailors, it was capable of short bursts of speed and complex maneuvers. (p. 132)
Trojan War
fought between Greece and Troy, the Greeks sailed to Troy to recover Helen of Troy
tropics
Equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally warm or hot temperatures year-round, though much variation exists due to altitude and other factors. (370)
Troy
Site in northwest Anatolia, overlooking the Hellespont strait, where archaeologists have excavated a series of Bronze Age cities. One of these may have been destroyed by Greeks ca. 1200 B.C.E., as reported in Homer’s epic poems. (p. 76)
Truman Doctrine
1947; Us would provide economic aid to countries that said they were threatened by communist expansion
tsar
From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). (pp. 340, 551)
tsar
From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). (pp. 340, 551)
Tulip Period
Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. (p. 530)
Tupac Amaru II
Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family. (p. 493)
Two main architectural styles of this era:
1)Romanesque 2)Gothic
Two main branches of Islam:
1)Sunni 2)Shiites
Two main oponnents during the Punic Wars?
1)Rome 2)Carthage
Two main rivers in Mesopotamia
1) Tigris River 2)Euphrates River
Uigurs
A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. (p. 284)
ulama
Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)
Umayyad Caliphate
First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. (p. 232)
umma
The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. (p. 231)
UN Earth Summit?
In 1992, a meeting of 172 nations in Rio de Janeiro. It was unprecedented for a United Nations conference, in terms of both its size and the scope of its concerns. The issues addressed included: systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste, alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change, new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog, the growing scarcity of water, An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol.
Under Maria Theresa, Austria’s greatest enemy was..?
Prussia
Under Stalin’s command economy, all economic decisions were made by
government officials alone
Under the post war constitution of Japan, who was the head of government?
a prime minister selected by the diet
United Nations
International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. (p. 833)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. (p. 892)
universities
Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. (p. 407)
Upanishads
Made in 800-400BCE refers to the the practice of disciples gathering fro religious discussion.
Urban II
The pope that launched the crusades in 1095. Called for Christian kings to take back the holy land, Jerusalem.
Urdu
A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. (p. 388)
utopian socialism
Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively (616
Vandals
Peop[le of northern Europe who plundered Rome in the 5th century.
variolation
The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. (p. 559)
varna/jati
Two categories of social identity of great importance in Indian history. Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class. (177)
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428)
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific and claimed it for Spain.
vassal
In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. (p. 256)
Vatican II
1960s liberalization and modernization of church.
Vedas
Early Indian sacred ‘knowledge’-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down. (175)
VENONA project?
A long-running and highly secret collaboration between United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdom’s MI5 and GCHQ that involved the cryptanalysis of messages sent by several Soviet intelligence agencies, starting in the 1940s.
Viche regime?
It was a dictatorship government in france, after the armistice with Hitler and the dissolution of the Third Republic, mainly from 1940-1942. It wanted to return france to a conservative ideal. It helped the Nazis oppress french citizens, and even fought against the allies in north africa. It was headed by Maréchal Philippe Pétain. In 1942, germany invaded the southern half of france, which had been free, as a result of the allied invasion of north africa. At this point, the vichy regime was basically just a figurehead.
Victorian Age
Reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain (1837-1901). The term is also used to describe late-nineteenth-century society, with its rigid moral standards and sharply differentiated roles for men and women and for middle-class and working-class people (711)
Vidkun Quisling
Norwegian collaborator during WWII. Made had of government under German control.
Viet Cong
communist guerilla movement in vietnam
Vietminh
COMMUNIST DOMINATED VIETNAMESE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT, OPERATE OUT OF CHINA IN WWII, GUERILLA TACTICS
Vietnam War
Conflict pitting North Vietnam and South Vietnamese communist guerrillas against the South Vietnamese government, aided after 1961 by the United States. (p. 838)
Viking
Sea going Scandinavian raiders who devastated coastal areas of Europe. From the 8th to the 11trh century. Cross Atlantic to Iceland to Greenland to North American.
Vikings
Outstanding seafarers who had shallow draft boats and raided Enland, France, and Russia.
Villa Pancho
Mexican revolutionary leader. He attacked New Mexico, which almost caused war.
Virgil
most famous Latin poet
Vishnu
A Hindu god that had its own devotional cult. The preserver of the world.
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed. (p. 761)
Volga River
European continent’s longest, and the principal waterway of western Russia and the historic cradle of the Russian state. Its basin, sprawling across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia, contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic, and has immense economic, cultural, and historic importance.
Wari
Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as colony of Tiwanaku. (p. 314)
Wars of the Roses?
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) is the name generally given to the intermittent civil war fought over the throne of England between adherents of the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The name Wars of the Roses was not used at the time, but has its origins in the badges chosen by the two royal houses, the Red Rose of Lancaster, whose retainers tended to favour red coats or red roses as their symbol, and the White Rose of York, whose men often sported white coats, or white rose insignia. The Wars were fought largely by the landed aristocracy and armies of feudal retainers. The House of Lancaster found most of its support in the south and west of the country, while support for the House of York came mainly from the north and east. The Wars of the Roses, with their heavy casualties among the nobility, would usher in a period of great social upheaval in feudal England and ironically lead to the fall of the Plantagenet dynasty. The period would see the decline of English influence on the Continent, a weakening of the feudal power of the nobles and by default a strengthening of the merchant classes, and the growth of a strong, centralized monarchy under the Tudors. It arguably heralded the end of the medieval period in England and the movement towards the Renaissance.
Warsaw Pact
The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (p. 836)
Was diplomacy after WWI more or less open / democratic?
More.
water wheel
A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900. (p. 398)
Weimar Republic
Democracy after WWI, Fredrick Erber. Hindenburg, Germany
Western Front
A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other. (p. 757)
What action on November 11, 1918 brought an end to WWI?
an armistice was signed
What actions led to teh formation of new nations out of the Central Powers?
provisions of peace treaties signed with teh Central Powers
What African countries were never colonized?
Ethiopia and Liberia.
What are The Gospels?
Part of the new testament, 4 books recording jesus’ life and teachings, often in his own words.
What book is Mohammed responsible for?
The Quran.
What came first, Alexander the Great, The Roman Empire, The Greek Empire, Plato?
THe Greek Empire, then Plato, then Alexander, Then The Romans.
What caused low food supplies in Africa during European colonization?
Europeans insisted on the growth of cash crops, such as cotton
What caused the japanese emperor to have reduced power after the war?
Allies’ insistence
What city became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy after the conquest of the papal states?
Rome
What combination led to the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad?
Russian troops and the Russian winter
What contributed to the weakness of the Weimar Republic? (3)
uncontrollable inflation, a lack of democratic tradition, a large number of political parties
What country did Buddhism originate in? What are it’s beliefs?
India by Buddha. Meditation, individual enlightenment.
What country did Confucianismism originate in? What are it’s beliefs?
China by Confucius. Social harmony, importance of families.
What country did Hinduism originate in? What are it’s beliefs?
India. Reincarnation and levels of spirituality and society.
What country did Taoism originate in? What are it’s beliefs?
China by Lao-Tzu. Harmony with Nature.
What country suffered the most lost territory as a result of the unification of Italy?
Austria
What crucial lesson was learned in the Battle of Britain
That Hitler’s advances could be blocked
What did Frederick the great believe a ruler should be?
father to his people
What did Klemens von Metternich Not want to accomplish at the Congress of Vienna?
Create beginnings of European democracy
What did Napoleon not accomplish?
An expansion of freedom of speech
What did Sergey Witte do to finance Russian industries?
launched a program of higher taxes and foreign investments
What did the Allies’ strategy of island hopping in the pacific involve?
attacks on only islands that were not well defended
What did the Central Powers gain over Russia at the battle near Tannenberg? (3)
Germany drove the Russians into full retreat, G regained East Prussia, G seized numerous guns and horses
WHat did the Glorious Revolution bring to England’s throne?
William of Orange
What did the pogroms that occurred in the late 19th century Russia do?
violently persecute Jews
What did the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare refer to?
Germany’s policy to sink any ship in Britain’s water without warning
What did the Roman empire contribute to the world?
Roads, bridges, aqueducts, and a codified legal system. It lasted 800 years.
What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war effort?
total war
What does fascism stress?
nationalism
What does the use of kamikaze pilots show about Japanese culture?
they valued national honor more than individual life
What does the word Plebiscite mean?
vote of the people
What effect did the Dawes Plan have on the economy of Postwar Germany?
it saved Germany from an inflationary crisis and stabilized the economy
What empire controlled the highest percentage of world population in human history?
The Roman Empire.
What empire controlled the most territory in human history?
The British Empire was, at one time, the foremost global power, and the most extensive empire in the history of the world. It was a product of the European Age of Discovery that began with the global maritime explorations of Portugal and Spain in the late 15th century. By 1921 the British Empire held sway over a population of about 470–570 million people; roughly a quarter of the world’s population. It covered about 14.3 million square miles (more than 37 million km²), about a quarter of the world’s total land are
What ere the goals of the five year plans? (3)
rapid industrial growth, stronger national defense, modernization of the Soviet economy
What event best illustrates geopolitics?
Crimean War
What event caused ITaly to refuse to support its ally Germany?
German invasion of Belgium
What event in Sarajevo ignited the Great War?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
What event led to the War of the Spanish Succession?
Charles II made Louis XIV’s grandson his heir, added to the Bourbon power
What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression?
The stock market crash of 1929
What event occurred on the day described as “a day which will live in infamy”?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
What event signified the formal end of the Byzantine Empire?
The Ottomons attacked the city of Constantinople (shocked the Christian world)
What event was strongly influenced by economic problems?
The declaration of war by France on Prussia
What fear added to the appeal of fascism in Italy and Germany?
a Communist revolution
What gamble did Germany make before the United States entered the war?
that their blockade would defeat Britain before US troops arrived
What happened as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny?
the british gov. took direct command of India
What impact did Russia’s involvement in WWI have on the Russian gov?
it revealed the weaknesses of czarist rule and military leadership
What impact did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Germany?
it allowed Germany to focus all their efforts on the Western front
What impact did the war have on the economy of Europe?
it drained the treasuries of Europe
What increased during the Great depression? (3)
bank closings, unemployment, business failures
What is a totalitarian state?
a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life
What is an accurate description for Goethe, Chopin, Coleridge, and Constable?
Romantic
What is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution
members of the 3rd estate paid all taxes
What is identified with romanticism?
gothic novel
What is the most probable link between militarism and imperialism?
as a country gains colonies, its military grows to protect them
What is the oldest branch of christianity?
Catholicism.
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
What is the proper matching of realism vs romanticism to Daguerre Charles Dickens and Ludwig van Beethoven?
Louis Daguerre – realism, Charles Dickens – realism, Ludwig van Beethoven- romanticism
What issue arose after the king called for the Estates General to meet?
how many votes each estate gets
What key factor led to th eformation of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entete?
Bismark’s fear of France’s army and Britain’s fear of Germany’s empire
What killed more people: the black plague or colonization of america?
Colonization of America.
What led to the economic downfall of Spain? (3)
expensive war, Jew and Muslim expulsion, english raids on Spanish ships
What novel is considered realism?
Little Dorrit
What person would most likely have been a radical in the 1800’s?
poor student reading about democracy
What political trends helped lead to the formation of the Second Reich?
Ruthless leadership
What prompted Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany?
German invasion of Poland
What reflects the chronological order of events in English history?
english civil war, restoration, glorious revolution
What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
the Balkan Peninsula
What set the stage for Vietnamese resistance against the French?
Peasants had less rice to eat bc the French exported most of it
What started the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
The failed 1689 battle of Vienna.
What statement summarizes the Schlieffan plan that Germany created to prepare for a 2 front war?
Attack France first, then Russia
What strategy did czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon?
scorched earth policy
What trait did Napoleon Not possess?
Humility
What was an immediate economic cause of the french revolution?
High government spending with low tax collection from the nobles.
what was common to both fascism and communism? (3)
a one-party system, a disregard for individual rights, supremacy of the state
What was France’s Vietnam?
The Algerian war, starting in 1954. Harsh crackdown on Algerian militants lead to independance for Algeria in 1962.
What was Hitler’s prime reason for wanting to take Poland?
He wanted the Polish Corridor and the port city of Danzig
What was most likely NOT influenced by nationalism during the 1800’s?
Groups of accepting a long establish form of government.
What was NOT a social change during the French Revolution?
Religious fever gripped the nation strengthening the catholic church.
What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna?
Nationalistic feelings grew in countries under foreign rule
What was one part of Roosevelt’s New Deal program to fight the Depression?
The stock market and banking system created their own reform council, gov. agencies took over businesses and farms, large publick works projects helped to provide jobs
What was significant about the Battle of Midway?
Turned the tide of the war against the Japanese
What was significant in the Allied victory as the First Battle of the Marne?
it resulted in Germany’s having to fight on two fronts
What was stressed by socialist realism? (3)
value of hard work, glory of soviet life, achievements of Stalin
What was teh American public’s opinion about joining the League of Nations?
it believed that the US should stay out of European affairs
What was the Allies plan for victory over the Nazis?
The allies would fight Germany on two fronts to weaken it
What was the concept of wergeld?
the amount of compensation defined in money for loss of a persons life
What was the dominant language of the Roman Empire?
Greek
What was the farthest west that the Ottoman Empire reached?
In 1529, it lay siege to Vienna. It was unsucessful, and never went farther west.
What was the first empire after the death of the Charlemagne?
The Holy Roman Empire, started by Otto the Great.
What was the first european empire after the fall of the Romans?
Charlemagne, who ruled a very weak, decentralized empire, with no taxes. After his death, the empire was split under the treaty of Verdun, and eventually dissolved.
What was the goal of Hitler’s final solution
It was genocide of people the Nazis considered inferior
What was the Great Turkish War?
The Great Turkish War was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers at the time (joined into a Holy League) during the second half of the 17th century. It marked the end of the Ottoman incursion into Europe. 1683–1699. The Ottomans ceded most of Hungary, Transylvania and Slavonia to Austria while Podolia passed to Poland. Most of Dalmatia passed to Venice, along with the Morea (the Peloponnesus peninsula).
What was the immediate results of the French Revolution in 1789?
French middle class had increased power
What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
to prevent fighting of European nations over the division of Africa
What was the main reson for the Crimean War?
Russia wanted land on the Black Sea to gain access to the Mediterranean
What was the major cause of the collapse of the stock market?
Stocks sold for more than they were worth
What was the major reason the US declared war on germany in 1917?
WWI was disrupting US trade with France and Britain.
What was the pen name of a woman writer?
George sand
What was the purpose of the Soviet state’s Five-year Plans?
economic development
What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter both during and after the war?
it upheld rights of free trade and choice of government, and it became the plan for postwar peace
What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?
made clear limits of royal power
What was the title given to teh ruler of the new unified German empire?
Kaiser
What was the US response to Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia in mid-1941
cut oil supplies to Japan
What was trench warfare intended to accomplish?
to protect soldiers from enemy gun fire on the front lines
What was true about nationalism?
one’s greatest loyalty is not to the king but to the nation of people and the people who ahve common culture
What was Wilson’s stated reason the US declared war on germany in 1917?
The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in the atlantic.
What were the 3 holiest cities of Islam?
1)Mecca 2)Medina 3)Jerusalem
What were the Fourteen Points?
a plan for postwar world
What were three major components of romanticism?
Love of natures beauty, value of common people, glorification of heroes and heroic actions
What what the Thirty Years’ war a conflict over?
Religion, Territories, and Power among European ruling families
What would an absolute monarch most likely say?
“I am the State”
What would Metternich most likely not agree with?
A ruler should never violate the constitution of his or her country
What year did Bangladesh become independant?
1971, resulting in the third india - pakistan war.
What year did India and Pakistan become nuclear powers?
1998, nearly resulting in a war in 1999.
What year did Mexico separate from Spain?
- It’s war to win its freedom ended in 1821.
What year was pakistan partitioned?
1947, immediately fought war with india overt kashmir.
What year was Sputnik Launched?
1957
What year was the UN founded?
1945 in San Francisco.
When did Christianity get it’s big break?
In 313, Roman emporer constantine I adopted it as his and the empire’s religion, resulting of its spread westward from palestine.
When did Islam begin?
In the 7th century, stated by Muhammed in Mecca.
When did the 100 years war take place?
Towards the end of the middle ages between France and England.
When did the Berlin Wall exist?
1961 to 1989.
When did the Black Plague affect europe?
The mid to late 14th century, killing 1/4 of europe.
When did the Nuremburg Trials take place?
1945-1946. They were the first international war crimes trials.
When did the second war between india and pakistan begin?
1965
When was the red cross founded?
1863
When was the renaissance?
Approx. 1300 to 1600. It was preceded by the Middle (or Dark) ages and preceded the Modern age.
Where was Hadrian’s wall located?
Britian
where were atomic bombs dropped?
hiroshima and nagasaki
WHich 2 countires worked together to build the Suez canal?
Egypt and France
Which countires are part of French Indo China?
Cambodia Laos and Vietnam
NOT singapore
Which German political party sought to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism?
Nazi
Which leaders used modernization to keep their countries independent?
Muhammad Ali and King mongkut
Which long-ruling French monarch decided to repeal the Edict of Nantes?
Louis XIV
Which nation’s actions caused the US to fight in WWI?
Germany
Which of the following battles marked the final German offensive?
Battle of the Bulge
Which of the following events occurred after the US joined the war?
The bulgarians and turks surrendered
Which of the following factors led to the fall of France to the Nazis?
the fall of dunkirk, evacuation of the British forces, Italy’s attack on France from the South
Which of the following motivated Japan to build an empire?
Japan was overcrowded and faced shortages of raw materials, Japan wanted the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia, Japan took over Manchuria and later fought for the heartland of China
(NOT the emperor wanted a larger empire to suit his divine status)
Which of the following was addressed by the Nuremberg Trials?
The holocaust
Which of the following was the basis of direct control?
paternalism
Which of the following was the location of a Nazi extermination camp?
Auschwitz
Which president decided to annex the republic of Hawaii?
President McKinley
Which society etablished the first formal alphabet?
Phoenicians
Which was a part of the transformation of the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state? (3)
Great purge, 5year plans, establishment of collective farms
Which was resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe?
7 years war
White man’s burden
Phrase used to justify European imperialism (civilize people of color).
Who did Libya side with during the cold war?
The US
Who embraced fascism? (3)
Juan Peron, Hitler, Mussolini
Who greatly westernized imperial Russia?
Peter the great.
Who joined the Axis Powers?
Italy Japan and Germany
Who led Germany during the last decade of the 1800’s and most of WWI?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Who said “The world must be made safe for democracy” ?
Woodrow Wilson in 1917 upon entering WWI.
Who supported Caesar?
He was greatly supported by the lower classes, but fought constantly with the Senate.
Who was behind the group known as Young Italy?
Garibaldi
Who was defeated in the Crimean War?
The Russians
Who was forced to assume the sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany
Who was not included in the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Who was the major leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
Who were realist writers? (3)
Charles Dickens, Gustave Flaubert, Honore de Balzac
Who were the Bolsheviks?
radical Russian Marxist revolutionaries
Who were the two main gods of Zorostrianism?
1)Ahura 2)devil
Who’s work did Galileo contradict?
Ptolemy.
Why ddi the Maji Maji Rebellion fail?
East Africans believed that magic water would protect them from bullets
Why did American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani?
She wanted to restore the political power of the native Hawaiians
Why did Bismark seek alliances that later became the Triple Alliance?
to isolate France
Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany after invading Poland?
they had promised to uphold the independence of Poland
Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?
Egypt could not pay its foreign debt
Why did coalition governments usually prove unstable?
they were alliances of several parties who disagreed on many policies
Why did coastal nations gain in power during the age of Exploration?
They became very rich and influential due to increased trade. Inland states such as Germany declined in power.
Why did Hitler blame the Jewish population for all of Germany’s troubles?
Hatred of Jews, or anti-semitism, was a key part of Nazi ideology
Why did millions of Germans turn against the leaders of the Weimar Repulblic?
They had signed the Treaty of Versailles
Why did Parliament remove James II of England?
he was a devout catholic
Why did Parliament remove James II of England?
he was a devout catholic
Why did strong states form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe ?
had weak empires and poor economies without a middle class
Why did the British style of gov. in Nigeria work better with the Hausa-Fulani than the Igbo and Yoruba?
the Hausa-Fulani were accustomed to a strong central gov.
Why did thousands of Boers move north in the Great Trek?
to escape the British
Why did westen nations desire lands in the Pacific Rim?
because of their natural resources and strategic location
Why is Ram Mohun Roy considered the “father of modern india”?
He called for an end to traditional practices such as widow suicide
Why was india considered the “jewel in the crown”?
it was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies
Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central PowerS?
because of their location in the heart of Europe
Why were thousands of U.S citizens put in internment camps during the war?
They were of Japanese descent and falsely labeled as enemies
Whyd id some US business leasders want to US to annex Hawaii?
Sugar could be old for higher profits
William and Mary
First Protestant kings of England.
William Pitt
Led British government in 7 years war. Worked to change George III’s harsh policies towards American colonies.
William the Conqueror
Invaded England from Normandy in 1066. Established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of GB in WWII. Kept brittain moral going during german aieral assults
witch-hunt
The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 464)
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. (p. 762)
World Bank
A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (p. 834)
writing
- enabled people to keep records, pass on learning and transfer information
- allowed people to keep historical records of themselves
- developed by Sumerians between 3500 and 3000 BCE
WTO
An international body established in 1995 to foster and bring order to international trade. (p. 889)
Wye River Accords?
A political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. It was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat. It was negotiated at Wye River, MD (at the Wye River Conference Center) and signed at the White House with President Bill Clinton playing a key role as the official witness. On November 17, 1998, Israel’s 120 member parliament, the Knesset, approved the Wye River Memorandum by a vote of 75-19. With the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Intifada in September of 2000, and the counter-attacks by the Israel Defense Forces, the Wye River’s understandings and goals remain un-implemented.
Xia Dynasty
Chinese Dynasty by legendary king Yu in 2200BCE
Xiongnu
A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these ‘barbarians,’ as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168)
Yahweh
Hebrew name for God
Yalta conference?
It was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. The delegations were headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, respectively. They discussed houw Germany would be occupied, how europe would be rebuilt, and Russia pledged to enter the war against Japan soon after Germany was defeated. They also set the date for the UN charter conference, which would be held in San Francisco.
Yamagata Arimoto
One of the leaders of the Meiji Restoration. (p. 722)
Yangtze and Yellow (Huang Ho) Rivers
Two giant rivers that are crucial for movement of goods and people through China. Huang Ho was where China’s first civilized societies emerged. Both rivers are joined by human-made Grand Canal not far from Pacific Ocean.
Yasir Arafat
Head of PLO 1968 until Recently. Won Nobel Prize in 1994 for Oslo Peace accords.
Yellow River
A Chinese river whose source is the high plateau of Tibet that is loaded with loess, a rich soil.
Yi Kingdom
The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan. (p. 362)
yin/yang
In Chinese belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. Yin is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities; yang with feminine, dark, and passive qualities. (p. 63)
Yitzhak Rabin
Israeli side during Oslo Accords. Later assassinated by right wing Israeli student.
Yongle
Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China’s borders to trade and travel (355)
Yuan Empire
Empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan. (p. 349)
Yuan Shikai
Chinese general and first president of the Chinese Republic (1912-1916). He stood in the way of the democratic movement led by Sun Yat-sen. (p. 768)
Zarathustra
The founder of Zarathustrianism.
Zen
The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son. (p. 289)
Zeno
the founder of Stoicism on the island of Cyprus
Zero of Cybrus
founded Stoicism
Zheng He
An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422)
Zhou
The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History. (p. 61)
Zhou Dynasty
(1029-258 BCE) No strong central govt. Ruled by regional princes and royal families
ziggurat
massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but its function is unknown. (p. 37)
Zimbabwe
A powerful kingdom in East Africa with a magnificent stone complex from (900-1200CE)
Zoroastrianism
A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil (120)
Zulu
A people of modern South Africa whom King Shaka united beginning in 1818. (p. 649)
absolute location
exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
Adriatic Sea
Sea between Italy and Balkans
Aegean sea
Sea between Greece and Turkey
Amazon
Source: Glacier-fed lakes in Peru
Outflow: Atlantic Ocean
Approx. how many people live in Africa?
900 million.
Approx. how many people live in Asia?
3.9 billion.
Approx. how many people live in South America?
330 Million.
Approx. how many people live in the E.U.?
460 Million.
Arabian Sea
Part of the Indian Ocean whose main arms include the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden
Asia minor
Peninsula in Western Asia consisting of the Asian part of Turkey
Aswan Dam
Major dam on the Nile River in Egypt.
Azores
Islands in the Atlantic belonging to Portugal
Baltic Sea
Between Europe and Sacandanavia
basin
are of land drained by a given river and its branches area of land surrounded by lands of higher elevations
Basque region
An area in Northern Spain that has demanded own state.
Bavaria
Major state in Southwestern Germany, next to Austria and Czech Republic
bay
part of a large basin of water that extends into a shoreline, generally smaller than a gulf
Bay of Biscay
Part of Atlantic, bordered west coast of France, north coast of Spain
Bay of Gengal
Part of Indian Ocean between India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and SE Asia
Bering Sea
Northward extension of the Pacific Ocean between Siberia and Alaska.
Black Sea
Sea between Europe and Asia between Ukraine and Turkey
Borneo
Island in Indonesia SW of the Phillipines
Bosporus
Straight separating the European and the Asian portions of Turkey.
Brahmaputra
Source: Himalayan Mountains, Tibet
Outflow: Ganges River
canyon
deep and narrow valley with steep walls
cape
point of land that extends into a river, lake, or ocean
Cape of Good Hope
Southern most point of Africa.
Capital of Afghanistan
NAME?
Capital of Albania
NAME?
Capital of Algeria
NAME?
Capital of Andorra
NAME?
Capital of Angola
Luanda
Capital of Antigua and Barbuda
- Saint John’s
Capital of Argentina
NAME?
Capital of Armenia
NAME?
Capital of Australia
NAME?
Capital of Austria
NAME?
Capital of Azerbaijan
NAME?
Capital of Bahrain
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Capital of Bangladesh
NAME?
Capital of Barbados
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Capital of Belarus
NAME?
Capital of Belgium
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Capital of Belize
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Capital of Benin
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Capital of Bhutan
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Capital of Bolivia
- La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina
NAME?
Capital of Botswana
NAME?
Capital of Brazil
NAME?
Capital of Brunei
NAME?
Capital of Bulgaria
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Capital of Burkina Faso
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Capital of Burundi
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Capital of Cambodia
NAME?
Capital of Cameroon
NAME?
Capital of Canada
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Capital of Cape Verde
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Capital of Central African Republic
NAME?
Capital of Chad
- N’Djamena
Capital of Chile
NAME?
Capital of China
NAME?
Capital of Colombia
NAME?
Capital of Comoros
NAME?
Capital of Congo, Democratic Republic
Kinshasa
Capital of Congo, Republic of the
NAME?
Capital of Costa Rica
NAME?
Capital of Cote d’Ivoire
- Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
Capital of Croatia
NAME?
Capital of Cuba
NAME?
Capital of Cyprus
NAME?
Capital of Czech Republic
NAME?
Capital of Denmark
NAME?
Capital of Djibouti
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Capital of Dominica
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Capital of Dominican Republic
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Capital of East Timor (Timor-Leste)
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Capital of Ecuador
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Capital of Egypt
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Capital of El Salvador
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Capital of Equatorial Guinea
NAME?
Capital of Eritrea
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Capital of Estonia
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Capital of Ethiopia
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Capital of Fiji
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Capital of France
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Capital of Gabon
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Capital of Georgia
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Capital of Germany
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Capital of Ghana
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Capital of Greece -
Athens
Capital of Grenada
- Saint George’s
Capital of Guatemala
NAME?
Capital of Guinea
NAME?
Capital of Guinea-Bissau
NAME?
Capital of Guyana
NAME?
Capital of Haiti
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Capital of Honduras
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Capital of Hungary
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Capital of Iceland
NAME?
Capital of India
NAME?
Capital of Indonesia
NAME?
Capital of Iran
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Capital of Iraq
NAME?
Capital of Ireland
NAME?
Capital of Israel
- Jerusalem*
Capital of Italy
NAME?
Capital of Jamaica
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Capital of Japan
NAME?
Capital of Jordan
NAME?
Capital of Kazakhstan
NAME?
Capital of Kenya
NAME?
Capital of Kiribati
NAME?
Capital of Korea, North
NAME?
Capital of Korea, South
NAME?
Capital of Kosovo
NAME?
Capital of Kuwait
NAME?
Capital of Kyrgyzstan
NAME?
Capital of Laos
NAME?
Capital of Latvia
NAME?
Capital of Lebanon
NAME?
Capital of Lesotho
NAME?
Capital of Liberia
NAME?
Capital of Libya
NAME?
Capital of Liechtenstein
NAME?
Capital of Lithuania
NAME?
Capital of Luxembourg
NAME?
Capital of Macedonia
NAME?
Capital of Madagascar
NAME?
Capital of Malawi
NAME?
Capital of Malaysia
NAME?
Capital of Maldives
NAME?
Capital of Mali
NAME?
Capital of Malta
NAME?
Capital of Marshall Islands
NAME?
Capital of Mauritania
NAME?
Capital of Mauritius
NAME?
Capital of Mexico
NAME?
Capital of Micronesia, Federated States
Palikir
Capital of Moldova
NAME?
Capital of Monaco
NAME?
Capital of Mongolia
NAME?
Capital of Montenegro
NAME?
Capital of Morocco
NAME?
Capital of Mozambique
NAME?
Capital of Myanmar (Burma)
- Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Capital of Namibia
NAME?
Capital of Nauru
- no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Capital of Nepal
NAME?
Capital of Netherlands
- Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
Capital of New Zealand
NAME?
Capital of Nicaragua
NAME?
Capital of Niger
NAME?
Capital of Nigeria
NAME?
Capital of Norway
NAME?
Capital of Oman
NAME?
Capital of Pakistan
NAME?
Capital of Palau
NAME?
Capital of Panama
NAME?
Capital of Papua New Guinea
NAME?
Capital of Paraguay
NAME?
Capital of Peru
NAME?
Capital of Philippines
NAME?
Capital of Poland
NAME?
Capital of Portugal
NAME?
Capital of Qatar
NAME?
Capital of Romania
NAME?
Capital of Russia
NAME?
Capital of Rwanda
NAME?
Capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis
NAME?
Capital of Saint Lucia
NAME?
Capital of Saint Vincent, Grenadines
NAME?
Capital of Samoa
NAME?
Capital of San Marino
NAME?
Capital of Sao Tome and Principe
NAME?
Capital of Saudi Arabia
NAME?
Capital of Senegal
NAME?
Capital of Serbia
NAME?
Capital of Seychelles
NAME?
Capital of Sierra Leone
NAME?
Capital of Singapore
NAME?
Capital of Slovakia
NAME?
Capital of Slovenia
NAME?
Capital of Solomon Islands
NAME?
Capital of Somalia
NAME?
Capital of South Africa -
Pretoria administrative Cape Town legislative Bloemfontein J
Capital of Spain
NAME?
Capital of Sri Lanka
- Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Capital of Sudan
NAME?
Capital of Suriname
NAME?
Capital of Swaziland
NAME?
Capital of Sweden
NAME?
Capital of Switzerland
NAME?
Capital of Syria
NAME?
Capital of Taiwan
NAME?
Capital of Tajikistan
NAME?
Capital of Tanzania
- Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
Capital of Thailand
NAME?
Capital of The Bahamas
NAME?
Capital of The Gambia
NAME?
Capital of Togo
NAME?
Capital of Tonga
- Nuku’alofa
Capital of Trinidad and Tobago
NAME?
Capital of Tunisia
NAME?
Capital of Turkey
NAME?
Capital of Turkmenistan
NAME?
Capital of Tuvalu
NAME?
Capital of Uganda
NAME?
Capital of Ukraine
NAME?
Capital of United Arab Emirates
NAME?
Capital of United Kingdom
NAME?
Capital of United States of America
NAME?
Capital of Uruguay
NAME?
Capital of Uzbekistan
NAME?
