FSOT Master 3 Flashcards

Question

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 1

North Vietnamese leader who had lead the resistance against the Japanese during WW II and at the end of the war had led the uprising against the French Colonial government. He had traveled in Europe, was an ardent Communist, and became President of the North Vietnamese government established after the French withdrawal. Often called the George Washington of North Vietnam.

Answer 2

(FDR) 1934, refinancing mortgages at lower rates, preventing foreclosure of home mortgages

Answer 3

Allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying $30. Urged many to move out West.

Answer 4

Strike that turned violent at Carnegie's Homestead steel plant. (1892)

Answer 5

Encampments of the poor and homeless that sprang p during the Great Depression.

Answer 6

Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education - created public school system in MASS - became model for nation

Answer 7

Writer of novels stressing rags to riches stories of boys

Answer 8

Owning many different businesses who sell the same thing. | - Ex: Gap owns Forth and Towne, Banana Republic, Old Navy, and the GAP company itself.

Answer 9

Speech given by Lincoln early on saying that crisis was inevitable on issue of slavery.

Answer 10

The House of Burgeses was the first representative assembly in the New World. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the House of Burgeses. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established, for this assemblage was the first of many miniature parliaments to sprout form the soil of America.

Answer 11

The AFL was a craft union, while the CIO was an industrial union.

Answer 12

1865 to 1877 the states of the Confederacy were controlled by the federal government before being readmitted to the Union. First were occupied by Union armies, then readmitted to the union after elections which saw many former slaves vote, and blacks even win positions of power.

Answer 13

Committee in the House of Representatives founded on a temporary basis in 1938 to monitor activities of foreign agents. Made a standing committee in 1945. During World War II it investigated pro-fascist groups, but after the war it turned to investigating alleged communists. From 1947-1949, it conducted a series of sensational investigations into supposed communist infiltration of the U.S. government and Hollywood film industry.

Answer 14

The Share the Wealth society was founded in 1934 by Senator Huey Long of Louisiana. He called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million. He was assassinated in 1935 and his successor Gerald K. Smith lacked the ability to be a strong head of the society.

Answer 15

Supreme court justice 1937-1971, strong defender of civil liberties.

Answer 16

(GB1) 1992, delayed so critizied Federal Emergency Managment Agency (FEMA)

Answer 17

Words of MacArthur when he left Phillipines to invading Japanese. He returned in 1944.

Answer 18

Wrote History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904 which exposed the monpolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company. Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. A muckraker novel.

Answer 19

(LBJ) 1965, law discontinued quota based on national origin

Answer 20

Set immigration quotas of 2 percent of the number of foreign-born persons from a given nation, based on the Census of 1890. Drastically cut immigration from south and east europe, as well as asia.

Answer 21

In 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act, a comprehensive overhaul of immigration policy designed to nationalize all of the country's permanent inhabitants and prevent illegal entrance in the future. The bill granted temporary resident status to illegal aliens who had lived continuously in the United States since before January 1, 1982. With a basic understanding of English and American civics, these temporary residents could become permanent residents after 18 months. Illegal aliens who had lived in the United States for three years and worked at least 90 days each year in American agriculture could also claim temporary resident status and could become permanent residents three years after the bill's enactment if they worked in agriculture at least one more year. To discourage people from entering the country illegally, Congress authorized over $400 million per year for two years to the INS and strengthened penalties for knowingly hiring an illegal immigrant or smuggling illegal immigrants into the United States.

Answer 22

In 1990, Congress passed the Immigration Act, approving a substantial increase in immigration. The United States would now admit 700,000 new immigrants annually, up from 500,000 before the bill's passage. The new system continued to favor people with family members already in the United States, but added 55,000 "diversity visas" for countries from which few were emigrating as well as 40,000 permanent job-related visas and 65,000 temporary worker visas. Additional provisions strengthened the U.S. Border Patrol and altered language regarding disease restrictions in a way that permitted the secretary of Health and Human Services to remove AIDS from the list of illnesses making a prospective immigrant ineligible to enter the country.

Answer 23

The Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Celler Act or the INS Act of 1965) abolished the national-origin quotas that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924. An annual limitation of 170,000 visas was established for immigrants from Eastern Hemisphere countries with no more than 20,000 per country. By 1968, the annual limitation from the Western Hemisphere was set at 120,000 immigrants, with visas available on a first-come, first-served basis. The democratic controlled Congress (House of Representatives voted 326 to 69) in favor while the Senate passed the bill by a vote of (76 to 18). President Lyndon Johnson signed the legislation into law.

Answer 24

Congress, who strongly disliked Johnson, finally got it's chance to impeach him when he violated the Tenure of Office Act (even though it was unfair).

Answer 25

British seamen often deserted to join the American merchant marines. The British would board American vessels in order to retrieve the deserters, and often seized any sailor who could not prove that he was an American citizen and not British.

Answer 26

(LBJ) 1964, income tax was reduced to some extent, cuts were made in govt. spending, armed forces installations were shut down

Answer 27

"Divorced" US government from banking. Passed in 1840 but was repealed by Whigs (who wanted to revive Bank of US) the next year.

Answer 28

(MVB), 1840 Meant to keep government out of banking. Vaults were to be constructed in various cities to collect and expand government funds in gold and silver. Proposed after the National Bank was destroyed as a method for maintaining government funds with minimum risk. Passed by Van Buren and Polk.

Answer 29

(1830): A law passed by Congress in order to facilitate the relocation of American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands further west. It authorized President Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living within the boundaries of existing U.S. states. Resulted in the forcable movement of tens of thousands of native americans. The most well known was the Trail of Tears (1838), when 4,000 cherokees were killed during their forced relocation.

Answer 30

(RBH), put down of Sioux uprising in Minnesota and the Dakota (last tribe)

Answer 31

People have the right to propose a new law. Made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.

Answer 32

(WMc) , These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. It was congress who had the power

Answer 33

(RR), 1987, Reagan and Gorbachev signed treaty to eliminate Soviet and American medium range nuclear missiles, Soviet economy cut back on military, treaty was gain for the West, more critical problem was nuclear testing, first joint reduction, on site inspection for the first time.

Answer 34

Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). Central to the ICFTU's work has been the struggle to defend workers' rights. The ICFTU lobbies for the ratification of what it calls "core labour standards" -- the various conventions of the International Labour Organization.

Answer 35

(HT) Robert Jackson, defined crime as something against - peace, humanity, and international law

Answer 36

(WJC) Mickey Kantor, agreement in Tokyo, cut tariff to reduce consumer prices and raise living standards around the world, however didn't resolve tariff cuts on apparel and textiles, to achieve success, US had to open its border wider to foreign textiles

Answer 37

More than 100,000 people put in relocation camps during WWII.

Answer 38

(GC) 1887, a law that made a federal Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad practices

Answer 39

A five member board that monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states.

Answer 40

(DDE), now rapid growth of suburban housing, like Levittown, NY , 1956 law that authorized the speding of $32 billion to build 41,000 miles oh highway. The scale of suburban growth would not have been remotely possible without a massive federal program of highway building. Committed to the idea of easing automobile travel, President Eisenhower authorized the first funding of the Interstate system in 1953. Further legislation passed by Congress in 1956 resulted in the Interstate Highway Act. This consisted of multilane expressways that would connect the nations major cities. Biggest public works expedenture in history even bigger than any New Deal program. The new highways eased commutes from suburbs to cities, boosted travel and vacation industries.

Answer 41

Intolerable Acts, passed in 1774, were the combination of the four Coercive Acts, meant to punish the colonists after the 1773, Boston Tea Party and the unrelated Quebec Act. The Intolerable Acts were seen by American colonists as a blueprint for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They were the impetus for the convening of the First Continental Congress.

Answer 42

Sale of arms to Iran in exchange for release of American hostages in Lebannon. Proceeds from sales illegally transferred to Contras.

Answer 43

(HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations

Answer 44

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Answer 45

The IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists from all over the United States (mainly the Western Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the American Federation of Labor. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is a famous international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. It contends that all workers should be united within a single union as a class and the wage system abolished. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. Its membership declined dramatically after a 1924 split brought on by internal conflict and government repression. Today it numbers about 2,000 members world-wide, but with a recent renewal of organizing activity membership appears to be rising again. IWW membership does not require that one works in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in another labor union.

Answer 46

Director of FBI 1921-1972. Vigorous investigation of gangsters and spies. Controversial because seen as overzealous with respect to communists.

Answer 47

Business man -refinanced railroads during depression of 1893 - built intersystem alliance by buying stock in competeing railroads - marketed US governemnt securities on large scale

Answer 48

First black to play major league baseball.

Answer 49

The Jacksonian era (1829-1841) included many reforms: free public schools, more women's rights, better working conditions in factories, and the rise of the Abolition movement. In the election, Jackson was portrayed as a common man and his opponent, J.Q. Adams, was attacked for his aristocratic principles. Electors in the Electoral College were also chosen by popular vote. Common man, nationalism, National Nominating Conventions.

Answer 50

Early 1900's writer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. Muckraker novel, How the Other Half Lives. It shocked the middle class and deeply influenced Theodore Roosevelt.

Answer 51

1881, Republican, Greenback Labor Party, Republican - protective tariff, Democrats - revenue tariff, shot by Julius Guiteau (mental unstable, thought unfair spoils system)

Answer 52

1857-1861, Democrat, Know-Nothings Party (Fillmore), Democrats (Compromise of 1850 and Kansas Nebraska Bill)

Answer 53

The 1884 nomination for the Rebublican presidential candidate. Pan-Americanism stated that events in the Americans affected the U.S. and we thus had reason to intervene. - Pushed the "Big Sister" Policy and said we should open Latin American markets to Yankee traders.

Answer 54

President 1881. Assassinated by a man who had been angered by not having received a public job under the Spoils System. Gave momentum to abandon this system.

Answer 55

Polk was a slave owning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. In 1844, he was a "dark horse" candidate for president, and he won the election. Polk favored American expansion, especially advocating the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. He was a friend and follower of Andrew Jackson. He opposed Clay's American System, instead advocating lower tariff, separation the treasury and the federal government from the banking system. He was a nationalist who believed in Manifest Destiny.

Answer 56

The author of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, Madison was also the father of the Federalist party and the fourth President of the United States. He was President during the war of 1812 and was also Vice-President under Jefferson. He was a great statesman but was not a strong president.

Answer 57

James tried to attend the University of Mississippi and encountered violent opposition so Kennedy sent in troops for him to graduate.

Answer 58

President after Madison. Issued the Monroe doctrine and the Missouri Compromise took place during his presidency.

Answer 59

The first successful English colony, established in 1607 on a small river near Chesapeake Bay. It was headed by John Smith, who befriended Pocahontas. It was all male.

Answer 60

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English. Provided such services as English lessons, day care, child care classes, and playgrounds.

Answer 61

(FP), Matthew C. Perry with Japan, Japan dominant power in Far East

Answer 62

It has the workers maximizing their output. They are nominally working as usual but the surplus can break the planning, especially in just-in-time systems.

Answer 63

1794 â€“ It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. It was unpopular with most Americans because it did not punish Britain for the attacks on neutral American ships. It was particularly unpopular with France, because the U.S. also accepted the British restriction on the rights of neutrals.

Answer 64

1920s jazz popular, also time of attacks on convention in many areas of American life.

Answer 65

First woman to serve in Congress. Suffragist and pacifist, voted against US involvement in WWI and WWII.

Answer 66

President of the Confederacy

Answer 67

Less radical than Jacksonian democracy, called for leadership by those with greatest ability, not common man.

Answer 68

Rival ideas of American Government. Jefferson preferred strong states and focus on agriculture. Hamilton said strong federal government and focus on industrial development.

Answer 69

African American who won 4 gold medals at Olympic games in Germany under Hitler (a blow to Nazi notions of a master race).

Answer 70

1961-1963, Democrat, both parties had the platform of civil rights planks and a national health program, used president to be elected and first Roman Catholic

Answer 71

State laws which created a racial caste system in the South. They included the laws which prevented blacks from voting and those which created segregated facilities.

Answer 72

Stock manipulators and brothers-in-law of President Grant, they made money selling gold.

Answer 73

Native American olympic athelete in 1912 games.

Answer 74

Peanut farmer who became President. Helped negotiate peace between Egypt and Israel. Seen as too weak, especially after Iran hostage situation. Lost to Regan and became international peacemaker.

Answer 75

Labor leader who build the Teamsters Union. Considered corrupt and was likely killed.

Answer 76

Philosophical driver of progressive education in late 19th, early 20th century.

Answer 77

Founding father, signer of the declaration of independence, second president. Avoided war with France. Alien & Sedition Acts passed while he was president.

Answer 78

Conservative group in 50s and 60s, particularly concerned about Communists. Seen as extreme.

Answer 79

In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed.

Answer 80

Southern leader who championed slavery and States' rights. He led nullification movement, and his thinking helped point the way to the civil war

Answer 81

He was a Navy secretary and much of the readiness of the army was owed to him and Theodore Roosevelt.

Answer 82

American businessman - founder of Standard Oil Co. (major monopoly)

Answer 83

American philosopher and educator, he led the philosophical movement called Pragmatism. Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve problems. Wanted educational reforms.

Answer 84

Famous bank robber in 1930s.

Answer 85

President 1961-63. Brought US out of Cuban Missile Crisis, negotiated the NTBT of 1963. Responsible for the Bay of Pigs disaster. Domestic Agenda called New Frontier. Strongly supported space program and the civil rights movement. Shot by Lee Harvey Oswald.

Answer 86

As Secretary of State. he viewed the struggle against Communism as a classic conflict between good and evil. Believed in containment and the Eisenhower doctrine.

Answer 87

September, 1899 - Hay sent imperialist nations a note asking them to offer assurance that they would respect the principle of equal trade opportunities, specifically in the China market.

Answer 88

Boss of the United Mine Workers who succeeded in forming the Committee for Industrial Organization.

Answer 89

Chief of Justice that established judicial review and laid the groundwork for a broad interpretation of the Constitution. Chief justice of Supreme Court during Marbury vs. Madison.

Answer 90

Suggested deficit spending which was later embraced by FDR.

Answer 91

Commander of US troops in WWI in Europe.

Answer 92

Helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent. - He served under President Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the U.S. Florida in exchange for the U.S. dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.

Answer 93

1845 - He went to Mexico to pay for disputed Texas and California land. But the Mexican government was still angry about the annexation of Texas and refused to talk to him.

Answer 94

1939 - Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath was about "Okies" from Oklahoma migrating from the Dust Bowl to California in the midst of the Depression.

Answer 95

tenth President - President following the death of William Henry Harrison - Statesâ€™ righter, Southerner, and strict constitutionalist - Rejected the programs of the Whigs who had elected Harrison, which led them to turn against him - Settled Webster-Ashburton Treaty between the United States and Britain - Helped Texas achieve statehood in 1845

Answer 96

The assassin of Lincoln, fanatically devoted to the Confederate cause.

Answer 97

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Answer 98

An American folk hero who traveled throughout the mid-west encouraging people to plant orchards.

Answer 99

(AJohn) fired someone who was on tenure, only republican, democrats looking for reason to get rid of him

Answer 100

A group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the King.

Answer 101

An American clergyman who was a leader of the Great Awakening in the 1730s.

Answer 102

(WW) 1916, Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years.

Answer 103

Senator who led an effort to identify 'communists' who he said had infiltrated the federal government. Often used 'guilt by association.'

Answer 104

Owner of the "New York World," helped originate and title the practice of sensationalistic "yellow journalism."

Answer 105

Enivisioned a "final competition of races," in which the Anglo-Saxons would emerge victorious. - In the book Our Country, Strong argued that the American country and people were superior because they were Anglo-Saxon. - Helped write the Yellow Press.

Answer 106

The Constitution and Federal Law is superior to State Constitutions and State Lawâ€”Article VI of the Constitution - The Supreme Court is the final arbiter on Constitutional Questions

Answer 107

It organized the Supreme Court, originally with five justices and a chief justice along with several federal district and circuit courts. It also created the attorney general's office. This Act created the judiciary branch of the U.S. government and thus helped to shape the future of this country.

Answer 108

created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed the settlers to decide whether or not to have slavery within those territories

Answer 109

Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children

Answer 110

1928 "Pact of Paris" or "Treaty for the Renunciation of War," it made war illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war. The Treaty was generally believed to be useless.

Answer 111

(JFK) , Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas 1963, LBJ took the oath of office

Answer 112

National Guard killed 4 students who were demonstrating against the Vietnam war. Served to turn moderates against the war.

Answer 113

Jefferson and Madison's response to Alien and Sedition Acts. Promoted states' right to nullify federal laws considered unconstitutional (1799)

Answer 114

Fremont - "Pathfinder" California, Kearny - New Mexico, Winfield Scott - Vera Cruz to Mexico City (ended war), Zachary Taylor - Buena Vista

Answer 115

Expression used by Southern authors and orators before the civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the southâ€™s cotton. In a speech to the Senate in 1858, James Hammond declared, â€œYou darenâ€™t make war against cotton!...Cotton is king!â€

Answer 116

War between British and Spaniards on American soil.

Answer 117

Bloodiest English-Native American conflict of the time. Leader of the Pokanokets, Metacomet, led attacks on several expanding colonist settlements. He formed an alliance with other tribes, but soon they were defeated due to lack of supplies.

Answer 118

War against French and Natiive Americans on Canadian Border (1689-97)

Answer 119

Helped open up California, a general in the Civil War, and displacer of Navajo

Answer 120

(WMc) occurred in the Yukon Territory in 1897 after gold was discovered there

Answer 121

(GC) , one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century. Founded by seven Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens, its ideology may be described as producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. Leaderships under Powderly, successful with Southwest Railroad System, failed after Haymarket Riot

Answer 122

1850s - Nativist movement - against Irish Immigrants and Roman Catholics

Answer 123

(HT) 1950-1953, division between US and Russia, UN formed a representative govt there, NOrth Korean crossed the 38th parallel in force to South, so Truman order troops to Korea, sent MacArthur with UN forces, Mao Tse-tung (North Korea) was against the US, but MacArthur said he needed to to "end the war" offensive, but Red Chinese helped NK, MacArthur wanted to attack against but Truman said no, and MacArthur insulted Truman, so Truman got rid of him

Answer 124

(1944) Japanese American was convicted of not reporting to internment camp. Court upheld the president's power to intern probable threats during wartime

Answer 125

A secret society dedicated to the supremecy of White People in the U.S. Began during reconstruction, and has waxed and waned since. Burn crosses to intimidate people to leave an area.

Answer 126

(WJC), multilateral environmental agreement which called on industrial nations to cut the discharge of harmful gases

Answer 127

(RR) 1980s, decline in industrial unions and less factory workers, but more service industry personnel, United Auto Workers and United Mine Workers diminished contracts, gave up wages and benefits in exchange for greater job security, mostly made of the middle class.

Answer 128

(USG) , the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs

Answer 129

A red letter law which stated that disputed land the Old Northwest was to be equally divided into townships and sold for federal income. Promoted education and ended confusing legal disagreements over land.

Answer 130

Once a territory reached 60,000 citizens, it could become a state.

Answer 131

Proslavery Kansans drafted constitution, but voters had to vote for it "with slavery" or "with no slavery." Win-win situation for them, because constitution w/o slavery protected rights of slave-holding Kansans. Buchanan supported it, but Douglas made sure entire constitution went up for vote instead.

Answer 132

November, 22, 1963 - Oswald shot Kennedy from a Dallas book depository building, and was later himself killed by Jack Ruby. Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that they both acted alone.

Answer 133

(FDR) , 1941 March; Congress' act which allied the president to lend or sell war materials to any country he deemed vital to that country's defense, had to return things though, Taft was against, used "gum theory"

Answer 134

Letters written by MLK encouraging non-violent protest against segregation.

Answer 135

Explored the Northwest, newly purchased from France. Helped open up the area.

Answer 136

(USG) , wanted to end Reconstruction, sought honest government, and the riding of "grantism', so they nominated Greeley as their candidate. The Democratic Party had also chosen Greeley, hoping that Grant would be defeated if they united against him. But Regular Republicans renominated Grant. The Republicans controlled enough Black votes to gain victory for Grant.

Answer 137

(WW) , War bonds to help fund the war

Answer 138

Antislavery party that won 16,000 votes in election of 1844, hurt Clay's chance at victory.

Answer 139

(TR) , United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936)

Answer 140

Debates during Illinois Senate race, focused largely on slavery. Propelled Lincoln to be national figure.

Answer 141

Proclaimed a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters pledged their allegiance to the U.S. and emancipation, and then formally erected a state government.

Answer 142

Delivered after victory in Civil War. Called for malice toward none, reconciliation and reconstruction.

Answer 143

(DDE) , Governor Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround Central High School to keep the nine students from entering the school, because he believed black and whites should be segregated, despite Federal laws on integration. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division to keep them safe

Answer 144

Invalidated a New York law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers, was later repealed. (1905)

Answer 145

In the summer of 1933, 66 nations sent delegates to the London Economic Conference. The delegates hoped to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression. They sought to stabilize the values of various nations' currencies and the rates at which they could be exchanged. President Roosevelt, at first, agreed to send delegates to the conference, but had second thoughts after he realized that an international agreement to maintain the value of the dollar in terms of other currencies wouldn't allow him to inflate the value of the dollar. He declared that America wouldn't take place in the negotiations. Without support from the United States, the London Economic Conference fell apart. The collapse strengthened the global trend towards nationalism, while making international cooperation increasingly difficult.

Answer 146

Perhaps one of the most recognized nicknames of any state, "The Lone Star State" comes from the symbolism of the star on the 1836 flag of the republic, the "National Standard of Texas." The single golden star on a blue background signified Texas as an independent republic and was a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. - A single star was part of the Long Expedition (1819), Austin Colony (1821) and several flags of the early Republic of Texas. Some say that the star represented the wish of many Texans to achieve statehood in the United States. Others say it originally represented Texas as the lone state of Mexico which was attempting to uphold its rights under the Mexican Constitution of 1824.

Answer 147

(GB1) , Outbreak of violence in 1992 caused by the acquittal of four white policemen of beating an African American = Rodney King, motorist in Los Angeles

Answer 148

Famous contemporary of Babe Ruth. Later developed rare nervous system disease now known as 'Lou Gehrig disease.'

Answer 149

Supreme court justice 1916-1939, argued that economic and social facts had to take precedence over legal theory.

Answer 150

Known as the father of the skyscraper because he designed the first steel-skeleton skyscraper. Mentor of Frank Lloyd Wright.

Answer 151

1803. Jefferson feared Napolean's imperial ambitions so wanted to buy the land. Napolean just wanted the cash ($15 million). Effectively doubled the size of the U.S.

Answer 152

Guaranteed employees housing in respectable, chaperoned boardinghouses, cash wages, and participation in cultural and social events.

Answer 153

Those who supported the King. - They often went to battle against fellow Americans, and were called â€œTories.â€ - They were generally conservatives. - They were most numerous where the Anglican Church was strongest. - They were less numerous in New England, where Presbyterianism and Congregationalism flourished.

Answer 154

(AJ) , was an American Quaker minister, abolitionist, social reformer and proponent of women's rights. She is credited as the first American "feminist" in the early 1800s but was, more accurately, the initiator of women's political advocacy.

Answer 155

(WW), British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons US decided to join the war.

Answer 156

The punishment of supposed criminals, especially by hanging, by agreement of a crowd. Used in the West as a way of maintaining minimum law and order before courts set up.

Answer 157

President 1963-69. Became president when Kennedy assassinated. Guided Kennedy's New Frontier, including Voting Rights Act of 1965. His domestic program was the Great Society. Sharp buildup of forces in Vietnam.

Answer 158

(JM), 1810, The Macon Bill stated that if either Britain or France agreed to observe the neutrality of the United States, the US would resume trading with that country and continue the embargo on the other. The French soon agreed to American demands.

Answer 159

First woman secretary of state under Clinton

Answer 160

One-time pimp and street hustler, converted to a Black Muslim while in prison. At first urged Blacks to seize their freedom by any means necessary, but later changed position and advocated racial harmony. He was assassinated in February, 1965.

Answer 161

Name of program to develop atomic weapons in WWII.

Answer 162

Belief in 1840s that the US was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 163

Further extended the regulatory ability of the ICC by letting it regulate cable and wireless companies dealing with telephone and telegraph lines.

Answer 164

1803 (TJ) , The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 165

Black separatist and nationalist of 1920s. Helped ship Blacks back to Africa. Was later deported for fear of his influence on the black community.

Answer 166

Founder in 10s and 20s of Birth Control movement. Later headed Planned Parenthood Federation.

Answer 167

French General who helped American Revolution and later became important in French Revolution.

Answer 168

Most prominent member of the Civil rights Movement. Letters from Birmingham Jail set tone for non-violent resistance. Helped organize march on Washington and gave I have a Dream speech. Received Nobel prize and was assissinated in 1968.

Answer 169

Supported by Jackson and became his successor, but did little as president and is often forgotten.

Answer 170

(AJ) in 1837 founded the first college for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary

Answer 171

Founded National Council of Negro Women, promoted teaching of black history

Answer 172

Declared by Lord Baltimore as haven of religious tolerance for all Christians. Became first major Catholic enclave in the New World.

Answer 173

A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland. Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland, and this protected the Catholics from Protestant rage of sharing the land. Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World.

Answer 174

Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism.

Answer 175

Line dividing Maryland and PA, considered the line between slaveholding vs. free states.

Answer 176

One of the first settlements in New England. Established in 1629 and led under John Winthrop, it became a major Puritan colony.It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community

Answer 177

(1641): First established legal code in New England. Compiled by the Puritan minister Nathaniel Ward.

Answer 178

The ship that carried the pilgrims to America, landed near Plymouth Rock.

Answer 179

An agreement reached before landing. Bound Pilgrims to live in a civil society according to their own laws. First written consitution in North America.

Answer 180

Jackson withheld funds from localized roads and vetoed a bill for improving the Maysville Road (local road connected to interstate). This was a great setback for the internal improvements of the American society.

Answer 181

(HH) 1929 , immigration law that discriminated against Asians and south Europeans

Answer 182

Extreme opposition to communism shown by McCarthy.

Answer 183

Ruled state has no right to control an agency of the federal government.

Answer 184

A highly protective tariff passed in 1880. So high it caused a popular backlash which cost the Republicans votes.

Answer 185

Response to "The Jungle," created strict sanitary requirements for meat, began a quality rating system, and provisioned for a federal department to inspect meat.

Answer 186

Was shot by a white man the night of Kennedy's television address.

Answer 187

(LBJ) , medical expense assitance provide by the state goverment to needy families

Answer 188

(LBJ) 1965 , a federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older

Answer 189

At the Memorial Day massacre of 1937, police shot and killed ten demonstrators. The incident took place during the "Little Steel Strike" of 1937 in United States. The incident arose after U.S. Steel signed a union contract, but smaller steel manufacturers (called "Little Steel"), including Republic Steel, refused to do so. In protest, the Steel Workers Organization Committee of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) called a strike. On Memorial Day, hundreds of sympathizers gathered at Sam's Place, headquarters of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee. As the crowd marched across the prairie towards the Republic Steel Mill, a line of Chicago policeman blocked their path. When the foremost protestors argued their right to continue, police fired on the crowd. As the crowd fled, police bullets killed ten people.

Answer 190

Mercantilism was the economic policy of Europe in the 1500s through 1700s. The government exercised control over industry and trade with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than is imported. Possession of colonies provided countries both with sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods. Great Britain exported goods and forced the colonies to buy them.

Answer 191

(CAA), A system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage.

Answer 192

This increased tariff rates by about 5 to 10%, but war soon drove these rates even higher.

Answer 193

Texas, California, all area in between.

Answer 194

(1846–1848) A war between the United States and Mexico, resulting in the cession by Mexico of lands now constituting all or most of the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

Answer 195

(JA), 1801, , The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.

Answer 196

(WJC) Miss. River overflowed, so Federal Emergency Management Agency work with state and local, gave up levees, cooperated with nature more

Answer 197

(WJC) 70 major bases were closed by Congress, politicians have no control

Answer 198

Imposed martial law on the South, called for new state constitutional conventions, forced the states to allow blacks to vote for convention delegates, and required each state to ratify 14th Amendment and sent its constitution to Congress for approval.

Answer 199

Self-sytled militias in western states who mix racism with anti-semitism and conspiracy theories and hostility towards any government.

Answer 200

1850-53 Took over for Taylor, had to deal with North and South hostilities.

Answer 201

(GC) 1887, lowered tariff and put some goods on the free list, failed

Answer 202

Militia during the Revolutionary war ready to fight at a moment's notice alongside regular troops.

Answer 203

Admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state and prohibited Kansas and Nebraska from becoming slave states. The Dred Scot decision ruled this compromise unconstitutional.

Answer 204

British legislation which had taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies. The act angered the New England colonies, which imported a lot of molasses from the Caribbean as part of the Triangular Trade. The British had difficulty enforcing the tax; most colonial merchants did not pay it.

Answer 205

Battle during the civil war showing wooden warships were now obsolete

Answer 206

It is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitute goods.

Answer 207

Statement that the US would not tolerate intervention by European nations in the affairs of nations in the Americas.

Answer 208

(RN) 1957, Sputnik by Russia, US had Explorer I, and Neil Armstrong had Apollo 11

Answer 209

After facing extreme hostility in the Midwest, Mormons moved to Utah and established their influential church there.

Answer 210

This increased tariff rates by about 5 to 10%, but war soon drove these rates even higher.

Answer 211

Provided money for agricultural colleges.

Answer 212

1943, (FDR), US, GB, and USSR, talked about principle of sovereign

Answer 213

Authors in late 19th/early 20th century who specialized in exposing corruption in business and government.

Answer 214

(GC) , a group within the Republican party who could not accept Blaine and supported the Democrats

Answer 215

Flamboyant boxing Champion in 1960s and 70s. Converted to Islam, refused to go to Vietnam.

Answer 216

1908 Ruled laws to protect women workers were constitutional.

Answer 217

(1877) United States Supreme Court Case that ended up allowing states to regulate business within their borders, including railroads

Answer 218

Massacre by US soldiers of innocent villagers during Vietnam. Became a symbol for those opposed to the war in Vietnam.

Answer 219

Founded in 1909 by a group of black and white intellectuals. Stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. - Founded in 1909 to improve living conditions for inner city Blacks, evolved into a national organization dedicated to establishing equal legal rights for Blacks.

Answer 220

(WJC) , North American Free Trade Agreement

Answer 221

Meeting twice in 1850, its purpose was to protect the slave property in the South.

Answer 222

Led first effective and sustained slave revolt in American history. His rebellion demonstrated that not all slaves accept their circumstances passively.

Answer 223

Executed by the British during the Revolutionary War who famously said 'I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.'

Answer 224

(AL) , Authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North)

Answer 225

Made female comsumers push for laws safeguarding women and children in the work place.

Answer 226

(FDR) 1934 , June 28, 1934- It created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. It was designed to stop the tide of bank foreclosures on family homes, it instead gave loans

Answer 227

(FDR) 1937 , 1937-Wagner=Sponser. Rasied $500mill for urban slum clearance & public housing projects

Answer 228

(FDR) 1933, focused on the employment of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA, established Public Works Administration and National Recovery Administration to help economic recovery from Great Depression; NRA was ruled unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry v. US

Answer 229

(FDR) A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. *, Made sure workers were treated and payed well and not getting abused by their business. *this law created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce the law and supervise shop elections

Answer 230

The first national labor federation in the United States. Founded in 1866 and dissolving in 1872, it paved the way for other organizations, such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor.

Answer 231

Organization to improve city standards and reform the system.

Answer 232

Immigration law that was blatantly discriminatory against Eastern and Southern Europeans and virtually excluded Asians.

Answer 233

(WJC) college = everyone, high school graduates volunteer to earn minimum wage, affordable student loans directly by govt.

Answer 234

Acted as a supreme court for labor cases. Did more harm than good when it tried to limit wages, which led to strikes.

Answer 235

Organization founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, fought for women's equality in courts and workplaces as well as the polls.

Answer 236

(FDR) , (NYA)1935, provided education jobs counseling and recreation for young people. part time positions at schools for students allowed for aid in h.s. college and grad school. part time jobs for drop outs

Answer 237

After the 1824 election, part of the Democratic - Republican Party joined John Q. Adams, Clay, and Daniel Webster to oppose Andrew Jackson. They favored nationalistic measures like recharter of the Bank of the United States, high tariffs, and internal improvements at national expense. They were supported mainly by Northwesterners and were not very successful. They were conservatives alarmed by Jackson's radicalness; they joined with the Whigs in the 1830's.

Answer 238

An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.

Answer 239

Chartered April, 1949. The 11 member nations agreed to fight for each other if attacked. It is an international military force for enforcing its charter.

Answer 240

1798, (JA) Act that increased the time to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years

Answer 241

Most numerous Native American tribe in the U.S. Located in the Southwest. Forced to move in 1864.

Answer 242

The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws which, beginning in 1651, restricted foreign shipping. Resentment against the Navigation Acts was a cause of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the American Revolutionary War.

Answer 243

Govenor of NY and VP to Ford. Considered a moderate Republican.

Answer 244

(FDR) , reaction from Italy's act on Ethopia, no selling arms, The 1935 act, signed on August 31, 1935, imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties in a war. It also declared that American citizens traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk. The act was set to expire after six months

Answer 245

(FDR) forbade loans or credit for belligerents

Answer 246

(FDR) The Neutrality Act of 1937, passed in May, included the provisions of the earlier acts, this time without expiration date, and extended them to cover civil wars as well. Further, U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or articles to belligerents, and U.S. citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent nations, however private ships can come at on risk

Answer 247

(FDR) European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position

Answer 248

Washingtonâ€™s declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria, and Prussia. Washingtonâ€™s Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778.

Answer 249

City founded by Dutch settlers that later became NYC.

Answer 250

Program of FDR to get out of Great Depression. Included Social Security System, Tennessee Valley Authority and Works Progress Administration

Answer 251

(RN), Phase 1, at least 90 days, phase 2, wage and price controls for 90 day period, rate of inflation incresae of 2% to 3%. wage gains through collective bargaining were cut of labor members, which was unfair since there were no provisions for cutting profits.

Answer 252

New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization.

Answer 253

Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.

Answer 254

JFK's slogan to describe his goals and policies, in particular equality of opportunity for all.

Answer 255

The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans.

Answer 256

Colony granted to friends of King.

Answer 257

Radical movement in 60s and 70s which opposed the military industrial complex and US involvement in Vietnam. Also urged public attention of blacks and poor.

Answer 258

Theo Roosevelt's system in which the government would cordinate economic activity - government would regulate business

Answer 259

Insured that all natural resources would be managed by experts. Funding came from public-land sales and was used to build irrigation projects.

Answer 260

Leader of the pro-Western government in South Vietnam.

Answer 261

A group of black and white reformers who organized the NAACP in 1909

Answer 262

(RR), 1979, Sandinistas took over, Reagan no look, so he hired Contras, but Congress didn't want another Vietnam, however later found out the US govt was in Nicaragua's harbors trying to crippe its economy, and soon many became concerned whether it would make Soviet Union mad and strain European relations, so Congress voted to cut off military

Answer 263

Became the Second National Bankâ€™s president, and he made the bank's loan policy stricter and testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it didn't destroy small banks. The bank went out of business in 1836 amid controversy over whether the National Bank was constitutional and should be rechartered.

Answer 264

Sent as a special envoy by President Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate an end to the Mexican War.

Answer 265

Stalin's successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.

Answer 266

(WH) , Signed by the United States, France, Great Britain, Japan, Italy, Belgium, China, Netherlands, and Portugal. This treaty, created during the Washington Naval Conference, was third in a set of three treaties created during the conference. These treaties were all ways that President Harding tried to keep the Untied States isolated. The Treaty made the open door policy international law. The United States and Japan replaced Great Britain and Russia as major powers in the south Pacific

Answer 267

(WW) , granted women the right to vote in 1920 (Susan B Anthony started campaign)

Answer 268

Parents Japanese, but born abroad. Were largely inturned during WWII.

Answer 269

(RN), 1971, no longer held long-held position against govt controls, now prices were frozen, dollar no longer valued as gold, it became floating dollar, federal jobs cuts

Answer 270

Created American English. Dictionary named after him.

Answer 271

2002, Habitat for Humanity, helped low income families

Answer 272

(AJ) , meeting at which a political party chooses a candidate, religious qualification dropped

Answer 273

1809 (TJ), 1809 law that allowed Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France.

Answer 274

Replaced Embargo Act, if either Britian or France repealed their restrictions on US trade, US would embargo other.

Answer 275

The calm Harding wanted to return to after the idealism of Wilson.

Answer 276

1932-Liberal Republicans, Feorelo LaGuardia and George Norris cosponsored the Norris-LaGuardia Federal Anti-Injunction Act, which protected the rights of striking workers, by severely restricting the federal courts' power to issue injunctions against strikes and other union activities.

Answer 277

(HT) 1949, created in 1949 organization whose members include the US, Canada, most western european nations and turkey all of whom agreedd to combine military forces and to treat a war against one as a war against one as a war against all.

Answer 278

The 1787 Northwest Ordinance defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. He ordinance forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established. The Northwest Ordinance was the most lasting measure of the national government under the Articles of Confederation

Answer 279

A sea route through North America sought by early explorers.

Answer 280

Upheld Roosevelt's antitrust suit, ordered the Northern Securities Co. to be dissolved. Jolted Wall Street, angered big business, increased Roosevelt's popularity.

Answer 281

The National Security Council Memorandum #68 said the that US should quadruple defense spending. This marked a major step in the militarization of America's foreign policy and reflected a sense of almost limitless possibility that pervaded postwar American society.

Answer 282

(JFK) 1963, Wake of Cuban Missile Crisis (climax of Cold War, closest weve ever come to nuclear war) Soviets & US agree to prohibit all above-ground nuclear tests, both nations choose to avoid annihilating the human race w/ nuclear war, France and China did not sign

Answer 283

The doctrine that states can set aside federal laws championed by Calhoun. Foreshadowed Jefferson's draft of the Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 284

Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, Jackson responded with Force bill and suggested compromising over tariff; John C Calhoun was a big advocate

Answer 285

(AJ) , first college to teach women and African Americans

Answer 286

Government agency which successful combatted inflation by fixing price ceilings on commodities and introducing rationing programs during World War II.

Answer 287

(CC) now Mexico saying the mineral wealth belonged to there govt, America agreed as long as their property rights weren't disturbed, Obregon become President, then Calles, (CC) sends Morrow to settle dispute

Answer 288

Destruction of Federal office building in OK by Timothy McVeigh. Most significant act of domestic terrorism.

Answer 289

(TJ) thought he deserted Republican principles

Answer 290

(GC), considered the "Father" of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry (more commonly known as "The Grange"). a fraternal organization for American farmers that encouraged farm families to band together for their common economic and political good.

Answer 291

Supreme court justice 1902-1930. He viewed the law as a social instrument, rather than a set of abstract principles. Famous decision on preserving freedom of speech except when clear and present danger.

Answer 292

Group in NY that shockingly lived a communal life and shared everything, even marriages.

Answer 293

Policy that explained the importance of American commercial influence on foreign policies, but urged world powers to respect Chinese rights and ideal of fair competition.

Answer 294

(WMc), Caleb Cushing said US had right of China, John Hay , A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Answer 295

(GB1) Bush place embargo on Iraq, put miltary in Saudi, West Europe and Arabs now against Iraq

Answer 296

(GB1) , Deadlines pass and Sadam doesnt move. Op desert shield becomes operation desert storm. Phases of the war = 1-air attack on Sadam 2-troops push him out of Kuwait.

Answer 297

(GB1) Dec.1989;Bush's invasion of Panama

Answer 298

(FDR) , Name given to the planned Allied invasion of France

Answer 299

A full-scale bombing attack against North Vietnam. There were approximately 184,000 Americans involved.

Answer 300

The route over which settlers traveled to Oregon in the 1840s and 1850s.

Answer 301

British were tired of fighting for Oregon, proposed 49 degree line to Polk. Senate accepted. (1846)

Answer 302

(FP) 1854, a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S., found out, Pierce repudiated

Answer 303

1916 - Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and Pershing was directed to follow him into Mexico. Pershing met with resistance and eventually left without finding Pancho Villa.

Answer 304

The 1918's and 1921's Palmer Raids were a series of controversial raids on American citizens and resident and non-resident aliens in the United States, based on their assumed political beliefs. The raids are named for Alexander Mitchell Palmer, United States Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson. Palmer stated his belief that Communism was "eating its way into the homes of the American workman," and that Socialists were responsible for most of the country's social problems.

Answer 305

(GB1) after Omar Torrijos comes dominating Manuel Noriega, charged by US for drug trafficking, US sanctions attempted military coup (Operation Just Cause, largest since Vietnam), Noriega fled and surrendered

Answer 306

(TR) , The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

Answer 307

(JEC), decision whether extend for a considerable period or exterminate, decided the latter since he didn't want bitter relations with Panama

Answer 308

(FDR) Dec. 12, 1937, The Panay incident was when Japan bombed a American gunboat that was trying to help Americans overseas. This greatly strained U.S-Japanese relations and pushed the U.S further away from isolationism even though Japan apologized.

Answer 309

The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812. The worst of the crisis was over by 1824.

Answer 310

(MVB) , When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.

Answer 311

(USG) , Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver

Answer 312

(GC2), Serious economic depression beginning in 1893. Began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point, and, some say, as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Answer 313

The Panic of 1907 was a relatively serious economic downturn in the United States caused by a New York credit crunch that spread across the nation and led to the closings of banks and businesses. The severity of the downturn was such that it prompted the United States Congress to form the Federal Reserve System. It was the fourth Panic in 34 years. In March 1907, the stock market crashed because of over-expansion and poor speculation. Money became extremely tight. A second crash occurred in October 1907, and was precipitated when, using money borrowed from F. Augustus Heinze, Heinze's brothers failed in their attempts to corner United Copper. To bring relief to the situation, United States Secretary of the Treasury George B. Cortelyou ponied up $35 million of Federal money to quell the storm. Complete ruin of the national economy was averted when J.P. Morgan stepped in to meet the crisis. Morgan organized a team of bank and trust executives. The team redirected money between banks, secured further international lines of credit, and bought plummeting stocks of healthy corporations. Within a few weeks the panic passed, with only minimal effects on the country. By February 1908, confidence in the economy was restored.

Answer 314

Those who supported rebellion and were called â€œWhigs.â€ - Patriot militias constantly harassed small British detachments. - They were generally the younger generation, like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.

Answer 315

Rode through MA warning people that the British were coming at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.

Answer 316

(WT) 1909, , Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).

Answer 317

(JFK) , volunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of communism by getting rid of poverty, Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Answer 318

(GB1) 5 central american countries end the civil war their, violeta chamotto won presidency over sadinistas in 1990, now free to farm land

Answer 319

(FDR) , 1941 United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Answer 320

Scandal that involved Jackson's Secretary of War Eaton and his wife, Peggy, the daughter of a boardinghouse keeper.

Answer 321

(1883): Did away with the "spoils system" and made the hiring of federal employees merit based.

Answer 322

Established by William Penn, it was a colony founded for the Quakers and practiced religous toleration and civil liberties.

Answer 323

Swiss and German settlers of PA. Known for tidy farms. Many were Amish.

Answer 324

Classified study of Vietnam war leaked to the NYT. Supreme court upheld the right of the newspapers to publish the documents.

Answer 325

After Pequots attacked Puritan settlement, killing nine, the colonists responded by burning Pequot village, killing 400.

Answer 326

Perry pursuaded Japanese to sign treaty that opened up commerce and marked the beginning of a tumultuous relationship.

Answer 327

(GB1), 1991, a war fought between a coalition led by the United States and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders

Answer 328

(FP) , Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves

Answer 329

(AJ) , State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.

Answer 330

Dutch govenor who surrendered New Netherlands to English who renamed it New York.

Answer 331

John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, protested the royal governor in 1734-35. He was put on trial for this "act of treason." The jury went against the royal governor and ruled Zenger innocent. This set the standards for democracy and, most importantly, for the freedom of the press.

Answer 332

The months following the collapse of Poland were known as the "phony war."

Answer 333

A group of persecuted English Puritans who arrived on the Mayflower.

Answer 334

(WT) Pinchot found out that Ballinger had taken a series of 'no-bid' contracts out (to friends, with the promise of substantial kickbacks to Ballinger) companies intent on mining coal on federally protected land. Pinchot went to Taft, Teddy Roosevelts hand picked successor, and informed him. Taft basically told Pinchot that it was ok, and that the contracts would be allowed to stand. This caused a heated argument between Pinchot and Taft with Pinchot getting fired by the President.

Answer 335

Gave America what they demanded from the Spanish: free navigation of the Mississippi, large area of north Florida. (Helped America to have unexpected diplomatic sucess) (1795)

Answer 336

(WMc) 1) Cuba makes no treaty with others if in endangers independence 2) can't borrow money if they can't pay back 3)US can get involved with Cuba affairs 4)US has navy there

Answer 337

Established the 'separate but equal doctrine' that segregation was legal. Later overturned in Brown vs. Board of Education.

Answer 338

Founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. They were headed towards Virginia, but their ship was blown off course.

Answer 339

A Native American princess who befriended John Smith and prevented his execution. She later married a settler and traveled to England with him.

Answer 340

(FDR), committee formed by a special-interest group to raise money for their favorite political candidates

Answer 341

After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. This migration led to Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763, when a large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief Pontiac to keep the colonists from taking over their land. Pontiac's Rebellion led to Britain's Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Answer 342

A system of mail service between Missouri and California.

Answer 343

The first industrial pools in the 80's tried to fix the price of their goods (be it salt, whiskey, cattle, iron, oil ...) no matter the circumstances, to a level high enough to earn them a nice living, but not too high so as not to attract outside competitors.

Answer 344

A political doctrine or philosophy that aims to defend the interests of the common people against an entrenched, self-serving or corrupt elite. - Flourished among western farmers - Based largely on its opposition to the gold standard

Answer 345

(BH) , Founded 1891 - James B. Weaver, problem was overproduction, called for free coinage of silver and paper money, national income tax, direct election of senators, regulation of railroads, and other government reforms to help farmers

Answer 346

(TR) , 1905, Roosevelt and representatives from Russia and Japan work out treaty, Japan takes over Korea, Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize

Answer 347

(RN) establish a postal service that was efficient and self supporting, greatly lessened political interference. 1970

Answer 348

A group of local tribes who taught the English how to grow cropts. Saved Englishmen, and when princess Pocahontas married John Rolfe, tensions were eased.

Answer 349

(GF) 1976, James E. Carter and Ronald Reagan

Answer 350

(HT) , allowed for the speaker of the house to take over as president if there is no vice president

Answer 351

(GC2) ppl used cheaper money (silver) and kept sounder money (gold), soon with the repeal of the Sherman SIlver Purchast Act, gold came into the Treasury, this profited bankers

Answer 352

(RR), drought and famine = US humanitarian efforts, apartheid = Americans apartheid, soon Nelson Mandela (opposed apartheid) released by F.W. de Klerk, soon got Nobel Prize and became president

Answer 353

(RR), American Marines Lebanon suffered losses but Muslim groups, so Americans teamed up with Israeli to evacuate the Marines, Israel announced withdrawal of troops and Jerusalem conceded, Operatio nPeace for Galilee ended PLO attacks from Lebanon, Israel under Ameican pressure to improve its economic performance to get their assistance, then TWA jetliners was hijacked by Lebanese Shiite Muslim demanding Israel to relase 700 Muslim hostages, so Reagan faced AMal militamen and Party of God, soon successful negotiations with Syria and Lebanon, but now start terrorist attacks

Answer 354

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Answer 355

Progressive Party created by TR, advocated primary elections, women's suffrage, and prohibition of child labor.

Answer 356

Educational movement focusing on educating the child, not the subject. Rejects traditional approaches for more practical ones.

Answer 357

1880s to start of WWI.

Answer 358

1920s movement that held that irresponsible actions by the rich were corrupting both public and private life. Called for trust busting, and progressive income tax.

Answer 359

led by Henry Wallace, wanted to expand New Deal and good relatiosn with USSR.

Answer 360

Roosevelt ran under this party, it was a third party.

Answer 361

Outlawing of alcohol in 1920-33, enforced by the Volstead Act. Later repealed by new constitutional amendment in 1933. Example of how more harm than good can come from enactment of laws sure to be widely disobeyed.

Answer 362

Colony with chartered ownership given to a proprietor. (Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware)

Answer 363

Imposed 8% on the value of dutiable imports. Passed to increase revenue and protect small industries. Due in part to Hamilton's plan.

Answer 364

(FDR) , 1935 Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways.

Answer 365

Native American people in AZ and NM who lived in peublos.

Answer 366

Islands (along with the Philippines) given to the US for $20 million from Spain after Treaty of Paris.

Answer 367

(GC) 1894, , Strike of 1894. Eugene V. Debs organized the American Railway Union (150000 members). Maintained a company town, and when the Depression hit, wages were cut one third, but the rent and living expenses remained the same. Strikers overturned Pullman cars, paralyzed railway traffic from Chicago to Pacific Coast. Eventually, bayonet militia came in from Washington from Cleveland himself. Strikers were imprisoned without jury trials. He was charged since he interfered with mailing service, The beginning of the end of company towns. People who helped keep law and order was Mayor Hopkins and Governor Altgeld

Answer 368

(HH) the spending of government funds in commercial enterprises, to stimulate the national economy

Answer 369

(AJohn) , In December, 1866, the U.S. offered to take Alaska from Russia. Russia was eager to give it up, as the fur resources had been exhausted, and, expecting friction with Great Britain, they preferred to see defenseless Alaska in U.S. hands. Called "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Icebox", the purchase was made in 1867 for $7,200,000 and gave the U.S. Alaska's resources of fish, timber, oil and gold.

Answer 370

(TR) 1906 , 1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

Answer 371

A group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church based on the ideas of John Calvin. Notable voyages were in 1620 (Pilgrims) and 1629 (Massachusetts Bay Colony).

Answer 372

They believed human religious institutions were, for the most part, unnecessary. - They believed they could receive revelation directly from God and placed little importance on the Bible. - They were pacifists and declined to show customary deference to their alleged social superiors. - Their aggressiveness in denouncing established institutions brought them trouble in both Britain and America. - They opposed slavery and favored decent treatment of Native Americans. - Elements of this culture would play a role in shaping the characterizations of a United States that valued independence and social equality.

Answer 373

(FDR) 1937, , The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.

Answer 374

1774 â€“ It was passed by Parliament. It alarmed the colonies because it recognized the Roman-Catholic Church in Quebec. Some colonials took it as a sign that Britain was planning to impose Catholicism upon the colonies. The First Continental Congress met to discuss their concerns over Parliamentâ€™s dissolutions of the New York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and Virginia Assemblies. The First Continental Congress rejected the plan for a unified colonial government stated grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation agreement through Committees of Vigilance. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament declared the colonies to be in rebellion.

Answer 375

British vs. French (1702-13)

Answer 376

Queen of Hawaii who disliked Americans and was overthrown when sugar prices dropped. Planters wanted the independent Republic of Hawaii and requested annexation from the US.

Answer 377

(TJ) old democratic republicans who believed was of 1812 violated democratic prinapals

Answer 378

8 germans who had lived in America and returned to Germany before WWII snuck into the US to sabatoge the war industries. They were caught and executed by a military tribunal established by FDR.

Answer 379

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

Answer 380

(AJohn) , Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

Answer 381

The Radical Whigs were "a group of British political commentators" associated with the British Whig faction who were at the forefront of Radicalism. They played a significant role in the development of the American Revolution, as their republican writings were widely read by the American colonists, many of whom were convinced by their reading that they should be very watchful for any threats to their liberties. Subsequently, when the colonists were indignant about their perceived lack of democratic representation and taxes such as the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act, the colonists broke away from the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United States.

Answer 382

African American diplomat who won Noble Prize for helping negotiate armistice between Israelis and Arabs.

Answer 383

Essayist, poet. A leading transcendentalist, emphasizing freedom and self-reliance in essays which still make him a force today. He had an international reputation as a first-rate poet. He spoke and wrote many works on the behalf of the Abolitionists.

Answer 384

(RR) The federal economic polices of the Reagan administration, elected in 1981. These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side(cut income taxes), and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth, umemployed started going back to work

Answer 385

The people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. Made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.

Answer 386

It was designed to lower the tariff, and it aimed at both relief and recovery. The president was empowered to lower existing rates by as much as 50% provided that the other country involved would do the same. During these years of trade agreements, U.S. foreign trade increased dramatically. The act paved the way for the American-led free-trade international economic system that took shape after WWII.

Answer 387

The period after the Civil War during which the South was reintegrated. Southern governments often included carpetbaggers. Former officials in the Confederacy were banned from being in government. Once a State passed 13th and 14th amendment, it was readmitted to the Union. Ended in 1877 when troops left. Was viewed as more harsh on Southerners than Lincoln called for. Ill feeling then lead to formation of KKK and hatred among Southerners for the Republican Party.

Answer 388

Pushed through congress over Johnsonâ€™s veto, it gave radical Republicans complete military control over the south and divided the South into five military zones, each headed by a general with absolute power over his district. Law that threw out the southern state governments that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 389

Created in 1932 to make loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads, it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression. It was later used to finance wartime projects during WW II.

Answer 390

Rounding up of immigrants of radical political views in 1919 and 1920 in wake of Russian Revolution.

Answer 391

When the south was returned to Conservative Democratic rule after the Radical Republicans of Reconstruction

Answer 392

A law passed by the legislature could be put on the ballot can for the people to approval/veto. Made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.

Answer 393

Movements supported by a group of people to change society for the better regarding moral, religious, and social issues.

Answer 394

A movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists.

Answer 395

(HH) $3 billion towards public works of a self-liquidating type (once completed, would bring revenue to pay for itself)

Answer 396

The first step in FDR's relief program was to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps in April, 1933. The chief measure designed to promote recovery was the National Industrial Recovery Act. The New Deal acts most often classified as reform measures were those designed to guarantee the rights of labor and limit the powers of businesses.

Answer 397

A coalition of right wing Protestant fundamentalist who have become increasingly active in politics since Roe v. Wade.

Answer 398

A slogan of the Spanish-American war referring to the sinking of a battleship in Cuba. Stirred up by yellow journalism, this lead McKinley to declare war.

Answer 399

In 1854, it formed from the antislavery Whigs and Democrats, the Free-Soilers and various other groups. Ran Lincoln in 1860 and won.

Answer 400

Idea made by Paine. - Idea that there should be a â€œrepublicâ€ where senators, governors, and judges should have their power from the consent of the people. - He laced his ideas with biblical imagery, familiar to common folk. - His ideas about rejecting monarchy and empire and embrace and independent republic fell on receptive ears in America, though it should be noted that these ideas already existed.

Answer 401

States' rights, strict interpretation, encouraged agriculture and rural life, South and West, France, Civil liberties and trust in people

Answer 402

Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 403

(GB1) managed the assets and liabilities of institutions that became insovlent between 1989 and 1992.

Answer 404

1879 - Congress said that greenbacks were redeemable for gold, but no one wanted to redeem them for face gold value. Because paper money was much more convenient than gold, they remained in circulation.

Answer 405

What Jefferson considered his election to be because

Answer 406

War for American independence from Britain. Started with the Battle of Lexington and ended with the Battle of Concord. Americans aided by French.

Answer 407

Established by Roger Williams, it practiced religious tolerance and did require voters to be church members.

Answer 408

Explorer of North and South poles.

Answer 409

Chicago mayor and political boss 50s-70s. Credited with helping elect JFK in Illinois and for using force against protestors during Democratic convention in 1968.

Answer 410

Prosecution of Alger Hiss. VP of Eisenhower. Lost to JFK. President in 1968. Restored relations with China. Withdrew from Vietnam. Watergate scandal led to his resignation.

Answer 411

Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike.

Answer 412

Lost Colony. Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1587 in current North Carolina, disappeared within three years.

Answer 413

1920s era of freewheeling popular culture. People defied prohibition and indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, rejected many traditional moral standards.

Answer 414

Commanding General of Confederate troops during the Civil War. Victory in Chancellorsville but loss in Gettysburg.

Answer 415

Attorney General and champion of Civil Rights Movement and foe of organized crime. Was assassinated while running for President by a Palestinian.

Answer 416

A great debater and political leader who believed in libertarian reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.

Answer 417

Kennedy's Defense Secretary who helped to come up with and push the "flexible response" strategy.

Answer 418

Thought to be the first to reach the North Pole.

Answer 419

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

Answer 420

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and helped Jackson crush the Bank of the U.S. - As chief justice, he wrote the important decision in the Dred Scott case, upholding police power of states and asserting the principle of social responsibility of private property. He was Southern and upheld the fugitive slave laws.

Answer 421

Puritan leader, expelled from MA for being too religiously tolerant. Went on to found colony of Rhode Island as place of total tolerance.

Answer 422

1981-1989,"Great Communicator" Republican, conservative economic policies, replaced liberal Democrats in upper house with consevative Democrats or "boll weevils" , at reelection time, jesse jackson first black presdiential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro as VP running mate (first woman)

Answer 423

Addition to Monroe Doctrine, justified U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs if their weakness or wrongdoing warranted such action.

Answer 424

1937 - In this speech Franklin D. Roosevelt compared Fascist agression to a contagious disease, saying democracies must unite to quarantine agressor nations.

Answer 425

FDR expanding the size of the supreme court in order to change its balance in favor of the New Deal.

Answer 426

1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China. (TR) Japan recognized American power in Phillippines and US recognized Japan's power in Manghuria and Korea

Answer 427

Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person. This incident was the first major confrontation in the Civil Rights movement.

Answer 428

Couple excecuted for allegedly being Soviet Spies. Some thought falsely accused in McCarthyism.

Answer 429

Nickname of cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt in Spanish American war. Victorious charge in Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba.

Answer 430

Colony governed directly by King. Almost all colonies became royal at some point. (Virginia, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Carolina, Georgia)

Answer 431

Severely limited British and American naval guard on Great Lakes. (1817)

Answer 432

War between two foriegn powers that Roosevelt helped negiotate a peace treaty for, and recieved a Nobel Peacy Prize for his work

Answer 433

1877-1881, Republican, against Tilden (played role to crush Tweed Ring), ended Reconstruction through election bargain

Answer 434

Native American woman who guided Lewis and Clark on their expedition

Answer 435

Two anarchists executed in early 1920s for two murders. Liberals and Anarchists around the world thought they were executed for their political views.

Answer 436

Trials and execution of 20 women for allegedly practicing witchcraft. Gives rise to saying 'witch hunt'.

Answer 437

(RN), Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- A pact that served to freeze the numbers of long-range nuclear missles for five years in 1972. This treaty between Nixon (U.S.), China, and the Soviet Union served to slow the arms race that had been going on between these nations since World War II.

Answer 438

(JEC) 1979, Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. A second treaty was signed on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for U.S.S.R.'s invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty.

Answer 439

Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial economy. The purpose of salutary neglect was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing salutary neglect following British victory in the French and Indian War.

Answer 440

Led Texans in their struggle for independence from Mexico. Later became govenor and removed when he opposed secession.

Answer 441

American Political reformer - advanced employee-management relations

Answer 442

Samuel Adams played a key role in the defense of colonial rights. He had been a leader of the Sons of Liberty and suggested the formation of the Committees of Correspondence. Adams was crucial in spreading the principle of colonial rights throughout New England and is credited with provoking the Boston Tea Party..

Answer 443

Founded AFL, wanted to achieve social reform through better standards for laborers, opposed political involvement.

Answer 444

(FDR) 1945 - This conference expanded the drafts of the Yalta and Dumbarton Oaks conferences and adopted the "United Nations" Charter.

Answer 445

First woman to serve on Supreme Court. Appointed by Reagan.

Answer 446

In 1777, British General John Burgoyne attacked southward from Canada along the Hudson Valley in New York, hoping to link up with General Howe in New York City, thereby cutting the colonies in half. Burgoyne was defeated by American General Horatio Gates on October 17, 1777 at the Battle of Saratoga, surrendering the entire British Army of the North.

Answer 447

(GB1) A financial institution that lends money in which depositors maintain savings and checking accounts = insolvent, poor security, Bush did bailout to find more insolvents, for now insurance provided by Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation

Answer 448

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

Answer 449

(GB1) former top officials milked low income housing rehab programs by selling their services as "consultants" to developers seeking valuable contracts, $5.7 million been paid in "consulting fees", 20 receipients, Jack Kemp investigates

Answer 450

Headed by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., a coalition of churches and Christians organizations who met to discuss civil rights.

Answer 451

Scopes taught theory of evolution in violation of TN state law in 1925. Trial seen as sign of deep conflict between science and religion.

Answer 452

A group of Scots who fled to escape poverty and religious oppression. They first relocated to Ireland and then to America in the 1700s. They left their mark on the backcountry of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. These areas are home to many Presbyterian churches established by the Scots-Irish. Many people in these areas are still very independent like their ancestors.

Answer 453

Formed in 1962 in Port Huron, Michigan, SDS condemned anti-Democratic tendencies of large corporations, racism and poverty, and called for a participatory Democracy.

Answer 454

After Lincoln was elected, but before he was inaugurated, seven Southern states seceded. Buchanan, the lame duck president, decided to leave the problem for Lincoln to take care of.

Answer 455

(AJ) , chartered in 1816, much like its predecessor of 1791 but with more capital; it could not forbid state banks from issuing notes, but its size and power enabled it to compel the state banks to issue only sound notes or risk being forced out of business.

Answer 456

(AL) , McClellan gets his butt kick and the South defeats North, 1862

Answer 457

Met just after first battles of war. Established Continental Army, printed money, created government offices, and chose George Washington to lead army.

Answer 458

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Answer 459

1824, (JMon)was a protective tariff in the United States designed to protect American industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods., Calhoun thought South suffered

Answer 460

Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South, and West). This can (and did) lead to conflict.

Answer 461

1798, (JA) , made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government

Answer 462

(FDR) 1940, first peace time draft, 21 through 35 years old

Answer 463

Colony allowed to self-govern. (Connecticut, Rhode Island)

Answer 464

A tribe of Native Americans who inhabited Florida. Lost war and were removed to west of the Mississippi in 1840s.

Answer 465

(HT) , claimed he had a list of 205 people who were communist in the state department. He said there were communist in the army, that's when he went to far

Answer 466

Kicked off the equal-rights-for-women campaign led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony (1848)

Answer 467

The SEIU was founded in 1921 in Chicago, currently the fastest growing labor union in the United States, representing 1.8 million workers in about 100 occupations in the United States and Canada. The main divisions are Health Care (almost 50% of the union's membership, including hospital, home care and nursing home workers.), Public Services (government employees), and Property Services (including janitors and security officers). With over 300 local branches, SEIU is affiliated with the Change to Win Federation.

Answer 468

Social and Cultural centers established in slum areas in the 1890s and early 1900s.

Answer 469

(WW) , direct election of senators

Answer 470

Paid $7.2 million for "Seward's icebox," but later proved to be useful addition.

Answer 471

"Universal Friends" - Promoted celibacy (died out unsurprisingly)

Answer 472

A system of farming that developed in the South after the Civil War. Laborers were given a third of the crop.

Answer 473

Tribe of Native Americans from the Mid-West. Joined the British against the Americans in war of 1812.

Answer 474

An uprising in MA in 1786, whose occurance demonstrated the need for a stronger national government.

Answer 475

Federal law passed in 1890s against Monopolies. Used against Standard Oil and American Tobacco Company.

Answer 476

Forced the treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver each month. However, the price of silver did not rise and precious gold was being drained away from the treasury while cheap silver piled up. Led to panic of 1893.