FRC

Question 1

What is intrapleural pressure?

Answer 1

pressure between the chest wall and the lungs

Question 2

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 2

The atmospheric pressure in the air is greater than the transpulmonary pressure so air rushes in

Question 3

What happens during expiration?

Answer 3

Although the atmospheric pressure doesn’t change, it falls below the atmospheric pressure so air rushes out

Question 4

Why is intraplulmonary pressure greater than intrapleural pressure?

Answer 4

to keep the lungs against the chest wall

Question 5

Boyle’s law

Answer 5

pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume

Question 6

Intrapulmonary pressure in inspiration

Answer 6

increased lung volume so decreased intrapulmonary pressure so air comes rushing in

Question 7

Intrapulmonary pressure in expiration

Answer 7

decreased lung volume so increased intrapulmonary pressure so air moves out of the lungs

Question 8

What is transmural pressure made up of?

Answer 8

transpulmonary pressure and transthoracic pressure

Question 9

What does a huff do?

Answer 9

makes intraplueral pressure positive which causes it to expand. sing abdominal muscles which will push on intrapleural space. This will cause dynamic compression.

Question 10

What is FRC

Answer 10

balance between transpulmonary pressure and transthoracic pressure

Question 11

normal breath huff

Answer 11

• This pressure reduces due to overcoming resistance in the airways as it goes up airways
• When pressure is equal to intrapleural pressure you get dynamic compression. This take less time. When you can’t feel them
• more peripheral airways

Question 12

big breath up

Answer 12

equal pressure point will take longer for pressure to reduce. Lung volumes closer to the mouth. Takes longer to overcome the pressure which is why it takes longer.

Question 13

When does FRC increase?

Answer 13

lung hyperinflation
air trapping, such as emphysema
during PEEP as it maintains the positive pressure

Question 14

When does FRC decrease?

Answer 14

restrictive disorders

Question 15

What are obstructive disorders?

Answer 15

Obstruction can occur when inflammation and swelling cause the airways to become narrowed or blocked, making it difficult to expel air from the lungs. This results in an abnormally high volume of air being left in the lungs (increased residual volume). Increased residual volume, in turn, leads to both the trapping of air and hyperinflation of the lungs—changes that contribute to a worsening of respiratory symptoms.

Question 16

What are restrictive disorders?

Answer 16

Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by a reduced total lung capacity, or the sum of the residual volume mentioned above combined with the forced vital capacity (the amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after taking a deep breath).

This occurs because of difficulty filling the lungs completely in the first place, and can be due to intrinsic factors (e.g. stiff lungs); extrinsic factors, such as when pressure from an enlarged abdomen limits the expansion of the lungs; or neurological factors, such as muscular dystrophy, where damage to the nervous system interferes with movements necessary to draw air into the lungs.

Question 17

Obstructive lung diseases

Answer 17

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiolitis
Cystic fibrosis

Question 18

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 18

Scoliosis
Obesity
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Pleural effusion
Malignant tumors
Ascites (abdominal swelling caused by cirrhosis or liver cancer)
Pleurisy
Rib fractures

Paralysis of the diaphragm
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Muscular dystrophy