Auscultation

Question 1

early mid inspiratory crackles

Answer 1

large airways or moth
heard with COPD
characteristic of bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis

Question 2

late inspiratory crackles

Answer 2

origin in the alveoli and peripheral airways as they open at the end of inspiration
pneumonia, fibrosis or pulmonary oedema

Question 3

Wheeze

Answer 3

generated by vibration of narrowed airways as air rushes through
expiratory wheeze: caused by bronchospasm when it combined with prolonged expiration

wheeze on inspiration and expiration: caused by inflammation, pulmonary oedema, bronchial secretions, tumours or foreign bodies. Polyphonic wheezes

Question 4

Monophonic wheeze

Answer 4

denotes upper airway obstruction from a foreign body or tumour
grater on inspiration