Foundations Of Reading Flashcards
What is decoding?
The process of translating print to speech.
What is encoding?
The process of translating sounds to print using knowledge of letter-sound.
What are homographs?
Words that are spelled the same way but have different meaning.
Ex. Baseball BAT and the animal BAT
What are derivational affixes?
Letters or groups of letters added to root words to change the meaning of the words.
Ex. Kind = unkind [un]
What are inflectional affixes?
Do not change the part of speech of a word but serve a grammatical function.
Suffixes -s, -ed, -ing, -en, -‘s, -er, -est.
What are Word Tiers?
-Tier One
Common words used in everyday speech. Through normal conversation. High frequency words
-Tier two
Common enough that readers will likely encounter them in multiple texts.
-Tier Three
Domain specific. Specific to topics and subjects.
Types of figurtive language
- similes
- metaphors
- personification
- hyperbole
- symbolism
-idioms
What are similes ?
Used to compare two things using the term like or as.
Ex. The room is as hot as the desert.
What are metaphors?
Used to compare two things by stating one thing as another.
Ex. The star was a glistening diamond.
What is personification?
Gives human characteristics to nonhuman things.
Ex. The creek danced across the prairie.
What is hyperbole?
Exaggeration for effect and is not taken literal.
Ex. If I don’t eat now, I will starve to death.
What is symbolism?
Uses a physical object as a representation of something other than its literal meaning.
Ex. In a story, two paths representing different choices.
What are idioms?
Expressions that have unique meanings that differ from the literal meaning.
Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.
What are adjectives?
Modify (describe) nouns or pronouns.
Ex. The YELLOW house is located on the corner.
What are conjunctions?
Join words, phrases, or clauses.
Ex. The teacher AND the principal attended the meeting.
What are interjections?
Show emotion in sentences.
Ex. OUCH—I bumped my elbow.
What are consonant blend?
Group of two or three consonants that blend together to make a sound but each individual letter sound is still heard.
Ex. bl, fr, and sw.
What are consonant digraphs?
Group of two consonants that form a new consonant sound when combined.
Ex. th, sh, ch
What are the types of context clues?
- Definition Clue
- Antonym Clue
- Synonym Clue
- Inference Clue
What are definition clues ?
A definition for the unfamiliar word is provided somewhere within the same sentence.
What are antonym clues?
Antonym or contrasting definition of the unfamiliar word is provided somewhere within the same sentence.
What are synonym clues?
A synonym for the unfamiliar words is provided somewhere within the same sentence.
What are inference clues?
The unknown words meaning is not explicitly given and the reader must infer it from the context of the sentence.
What are the levels of comprehension?
- Literal comprehension
- Inferential comprehension
- Evaluative comprehension
What is literal comprehension?
Understanding the written meaning of a text.
What is inferential comprehension?
Inferring what the author meant.
What is evaluative comprehension?
Makes judgments and share opinions about what they have read based on evidence found in the text.
What are homophones?
Words that have the sound the same but are spelled differently.
Ex. Their, there,
What are pallindrome?
a word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same backward as forward.
Ex. Hannah
What are cognate ?
Cognates are groups of words in different languages that come directly from the same word of origin.
Spanish word serio
English word serious
What is euphemism?
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
Ex. Let go instead of fired.
What are phonograms?
letter symbols that make a sound.
Ex. B in boy
Latin roots vs Greek roots.
The part of the word where most of the meaning comes from and they exist in families to help comprehend words.
What is automaticity ?
the ability to rapidly, effortlessly and accurately recognise or decode words.
What is blending?
the ability to join speech sounds together to make words.
What is rapid word identification?
the ability to name letters, symbols, words, or objects in a quick and automatic manner
