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Question 1

Types of signal words and structures

Answer 1

1. Cause and effect
2. Compare and contrast
3. Problem and solution
4. Sequence

Question 2

What is cause and effect?

Answer 2

Explains relationship between events or actions.

Words like “because”, “as a result”, “consequency”.

Question 3

What is compare and contrast?

Answer 3

Text structure that explores similarities and differences of two or more things.

Ex: compare and contract chart

Question 4

What is problem and solution?

Answer 4

Problems are in the opening paragraph and solution is in the following paragraph.

Words like “myriad”, “factors”, “hurdle”, “issue”, “problems”

Question 5

What are sequence?

Answer 5

Cronicalogical order.

Words that help identify when an event or story starts, when new events happen, and when the story ends.

Ex: “first” “before she went”

Question 6

What is spelling development stages?

Answer 6

1. Precommunitive
2. Semi-phonetic
3. Phonetic
4. Transitional
5. Correct.

Question 7

What is the precommunitive stage ?

Answer 7

Children uses symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter sound.

Question 8

What is the semi-phonetic stage?

Answer 8

Single letter.
Start understanding letter-sound correspondence. Sounds are assigned to letters.

Ex: writing U instead of You.

Question 9

What is phonetic stage?

Answer 9

Uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound they hear.

Ex: KOM instead of come

Question 10

What is the transitional stage?

Answer 10

Understanding of structure of words. Begins to assimilate conventional alternative for representing sounds.

Ex: EGUL instead of Eagle.

Question 11

What is the correct stage?

Answer 11

Spellers know English orthographic system and its basic rules. The correct speller fundamentally understands how to deal with such things as prefixes and suffixes, silent consonants, alternative spellings, and irregular spellings

Question 12

What are language cues?

Answer 12

1. Visual
2. Meaning
3. Structural
4. Graphophonic

Question 13

What are visual cues?

Answer 13

concrete objects, pictures, symbols, or written words that provide a child with information about how to do a routine, activity, behavior, or skill

Question 14

What are meaning cues?

Answer 14

practices that help determine the meaning of unknown words.

using pieces of information like the sound and usage of a word to decide on its correct purpose within a sentence.

Question 15

What are structural cues?

Answer 15

come from language patterns and structures.

the way in which language is put together into sentences, phrases, paragraphs, etc.

Question 16

What is graphophonic cues?

Answer 16

relationships between letters and sounds in language.

Question 17

What are the syllable pattern types?

Answer 17

1. Open
2. Closed
3. Silent e
4. Vowel team

Question 18

Formative vs summative

Answer 18

Formative usually are not graded. Summative is to evaluate students learned at the end of a unit.

Question 19

When are formative and summative assessments used?

Answer 19

Formative is used during the instructional process and shows when students are learning.

Summative is used at the end of the lesson and shows what the student has learned.

Question 20

What is an open syllable?

Answer 20

ends with a vowel sound that is spelled with a single vowel letter (a, e, i, o, or u).

Ex: Me

Question 21

What is a closed syllable?

Answer 21

containing one vowel that is closed in by a consonant. The vowel usually makes its short sound.

Ex: fish

Question 22

What is a silent e?

Answer 22

the letter e will be silent and the vowel will often say its long sound.

Ex: cute

Question 23

What are vowel teams?

Answer 23

two vowels next to each other that together say a new sound

Ex. Boat (oa)