FOREARM/ARM - CLINICAL APPLICATION Flashcards
a normal (positive) response is an involuntary contraction of the biceps, felt as a momentarily tensed tendon
a brief jerk-like flexion of the elbow
bicipital myotatic (stretch) reflex
inflammation of the tendon results from micro tears that happen when musculotendinosous unit is acutely loaded and is associated with degeneration of the tendon, vascular disruption, and an inflammatory repair response
***don’t friction the median nerve
biceps tendinitis
can be partially or completely dislocated from the intertubercullar sulcus in the humerus
painful, may occur during traumatic separation of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus
sensation of popping or catching is felt during arm rotation
long head of biceps brachii tendon dislocation
Temporary occlusion, compression, and resumption of blood blow is the basis for measuring blood pressure
Flexion of fingers and sometimes the wrist results in loss of hand power as a result of irreversible necrosis of forearm flexor muscles
interruption of blood flow in brachial artery
Typically inflicted by knife injury
Paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps and brachials
Weakened flexion and supination. Loss of sensation may occur over the lateral surface of forearm
musculocutaneous nerve injury
Repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist strain the attachment of the common extensor tendon, producing inflammation of the periosteum
lateral epicondylitis
MOI: fall on elbow combined with sudden powerful contraction of triceps brachii
The fx bone is pulled away by active and tonic contraction of triceps and is often considered an avulsion fx
olecranon fracture
fracture of the distal end of humerus may injure what nerve?
median nerve
fracture of the radial groove of humerus may injure what nerve?
radial nerve
fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus may injure what nerve
ulnar nerve
direct injury usually produces fractures at the same level - middle third of bones
fractures of the radius and ulna
supracondylar process at anteromedial distal humerus extending (fascia) to the medial epicondyle (may affect median n. and brachial a.)
ligament of struthers
medial nerve entrapped in the pronator teres muscle
pronator syndrome
musculoaponeurotic canal that creates an entrapment site for the ulnar n.
internal brachial lig which may also cause compression of ulnar n.
archade of struthers
Neuropathy of the ulnar nerve causing symptoms of numbness and shooting pain along the medial aspect of the forearm, also including the medial half of the fourth digit and the fifth digit
Ulnar N.
cubital tunnel syndrome
Occurs in the olecranon bursa, a thin, fluid-filled sac that is located at the boney tip of the elbow
elbow bursitis
Avulsion (forced separation) in children can result from a fall that causes severe ABDuction of extended elbow
Traction on the UCL pulls the epicondyle distally
medial epicondyle avulsion
Rupture, tearing, and stretching are increasingly common injuries related to athletes throwing
“Tommy John Surgery” involves an autologous transplant of a long tendon from the contralateral forearm or leg
ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction
May occur when children fall on their hands with their elbow flexed
May also result from hyperextension or a blow that drives the ulna posterior or posterolateral
Resulting in numbness of the little finger and weakness of flexion and ADDuction of the wrist
elbow dislocation
Child is suddenly lifted (jerked) by the upper limb while the forearm is pronated
The sudden pulling tears the distal attachment of the annular ligament, partially pulling the head out of socket
radial head dislocation
results from severe fall on flexed elbow»_space; olecranon acts as wedge between medial and lateral condyles
intercondylar fracture of humerus
indirect injury from FOOSH
may result in shortening of the limb
spiral/oblique fracture of humerus
the pull of the deltoid muscle carries the proximal fragment laterally
transverse fracture of humeral shaft
bending and incomplete break of a bone
greenstick fracture
a degeneration within the tendons collagen causing disorganization of the collagen in response to poor vascularization, chronic overuse or aging, there is no inflammation response in this case
Tendinosis
a complete transverse fx of the distal 2cm of the radius
most common fx of the forearm
the distal fragment is displaced dorsally and is often comminuted
results from forced extension of the hand (FOOSH)
colles fracture
Long head of the biceps brachii rupture
Veinpuncture in cubital fossa
What artery lies on the anterior surface of the distal end of the radius, lateral to the tendon and can be compressed against the distal end of the radius to measure a persons pulse rate
radial artery
