Flashcards - Pulm
plexiform lesions
pulmonary hypertension
Birbeck’s granules (tennis rackets)
Langerhans histiocytosis - S100 and CD-1a positive
1gm of Hb binds to mL of O2
1gb Hb = 1.34mL of O2
Taut hemoglobin
low affinity for O2
relaxed hemoglobin
high affinity for O2
methemoglobiemia
treat with methylene blue - caused by nitrites, benzocaine - can be induced to treat cyanide
Kiesselbach plexus
anterior segment of nostril - most common site of nose bleed
Sphenopalatine artery
posterior - branch of maxillary - life threatening nose bleed
lines of Zahn
platelet+fibrin/RBC layers in PE, premortem
Pulmonary artery hypertension
bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) - smooth muscle proliferation
Rifampin
inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase - inhibits CYP450
Ethambutol
inhibits mycolic wall synthesis - optic neuropathy
Isoniazid
inhibits mycolic acid synthesis - can cause B6 deficiency, neuropathy
neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky cells) - dark blue cells, chromogranin+
central - small cell carcinoma - smokers - ADH, ACTH, Eaton-Lambert
squamous cell carcinoma
central - smokers - keratin pearls/intercellular bridges(desmosomes) - PTHrP
adenocarcinoma
peripheral - non-smokers - glands/mucin - KRAS, EGFR, ALK
large cell carcinoma
central/peripheral - smokers - poorly differentiated large cells
bronchoalveolar carcinoma
peripheral - non-smokers - columnar cells arising from clara cells, grows along bronchioles/alveoli - pneumonia-like
carcinoid tumor
central/peripheral - non-smokers - chromogranin +, polypoid, nests of neuroendocrine cells