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Step 1 > Flashcards - Endocrine > Flashcards

Flashcards - Endocrine

1
Q

Basophilic cell of pituitary

A

GH, PRL

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2
Q

Acidophilic cell of pituitary

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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3
Q

Primary hyperparathyroid

A

increased PTH, serum Ca, urinary cAMP, alk phos, decreased serum phosphate

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4
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroid

A

increased PTH, serum phosphate, decreased serum Ca

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5
Q

Tertiary hyperparathryoid

A

greatly increased PTH, increased Ca

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6
Q

PTH receptor

A

Gs –> increase in cAMP

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7
Q

GLUT-1

A

RBC, brain, cornea

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8
Q

GLUT-2

A

bi-directional, b-islet, liver, kidney, small intestine

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9
Q

GLUT-3

A

brain

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10
Q

GLUT-4

A

insulin dependent - adipose, striated muscle

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11
Q

GLUT-5

A

fructose only - spermatocyte, GI tract

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12
Q

SGLT-2

A

PCT of kidney

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13
Q

insulin receptor

A

tyrosine kinase –> phosphoinositide-3 kinase (GLUT4) + RAS/MAP kinase (cell growth)

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14
Q

MEN1

A

Pituitary, Pancreatic (gastrin), Parathyroid

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15
Q

MEN2A

A

Parathyroid, Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid carcinoma

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16
Q

MEN2B

A

Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid carcinoma, mucosal Neuromas

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17
Q

Testosterone stimulation

A

LH

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18
Q

FSH stimulates

A

inhibin B

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19
Q

aldolase b deficiency

A

heriditary fructose intolerance - less serious

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20
Q

Kallman syndrome

A

GnRH deficiency - anosmia, no puberty

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21
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

Aldoesterone

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22
Q

Zona Fasiculata

A

Cortisol/sex hormones

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23
Q

Zona Reticularis

A

Sex hormones

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24
Q

Adrenal Medulla/Chromaffin

A

preganglionic sympathetic - catecholamines

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25
Q

Glucokinase

A

Liver - not inhibited by G6P - high Km/low affinity

26
Q

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

A

inability to fast more than 12-24 hours

27
Q

Glucagonoma

A

diabetes, anemia, necrolytic migratory erythema, DVT, depression

28
Q

classic galactosemia - enzyme

A

G-1-P-uridyltransferase deficiency

29
Q

galactokinase deficiency

A

galactilol accumulation, infantile cataracts

30
Q

Amiodarone side effect

A

40% iodine by weight, can cause thyroid dysfunction

31
Q

congo red amyloid with polygonal cells, spindle shaped cells with extracellular amyloid deposits

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

32
Q

oxyphilic cells with granular cytoplasm

A

Hurthle cells - Hashimotos

33
Q

malignant cells in amyloid stroma

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

34
Q

mixed, cellular infiltration with occasional multinucleate giant cells

A

de Quervain’s thyroiditis - postviral, decreased I+ uptake

35
Q

fixed hard/rock-like painless goiter

A

Riedel thyroiditis - hypothyroid, fibrous

36
Q

phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)

A

converts norepi to epi in adrenal medulla, stimulated by cortisol

37
Q

menopause test

A

FSH

38
Q

TBG levels

A

decreases in hepatic failure, steroids, increase with estrogen/pregnancy

39
Q

orphan annie eyes, overlapping nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin, intranuclear inclusions and grooves, psammoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid cancer

40
Q

hormones that increase cAMP

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH, MSH, PTH, calicitonin, GHRH, glucagon

41
Q

hormones that increase cGMP

A

ANP, BNP, NO

42
Q

IP3

A

GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH(V1), TRH, Histamine (H1), Angiotensin II, Gastrin

43
Q

intracellular receptor

A

Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone, T3/T4, Cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone

44
Q

intrinsic tyrosine kinase

A

insulin, IGH-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF (MAP kinase)

45
Q

receptor tyrosine kinase

A

PRL, cytokines, GH, G-CSF, EPO, TPO (JAK/STAT)

46
Q

methimazole

A

peroxidase only

47
Q

PTU

A

peroxidase + 5’-deiodinase (peripheral conversion), used in pregnancy

48
Q

N-myc

A

neuroblastoma - opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, HVA/VMA in urine

49
Q

metyrapone

A

diagnose adrenal insufficiency, blocks 11b-hydroxylase from synthesizing cortisol, increasing ACTH, 11-deoxycortisol

50
Q

cinacalcet

A

for hypercalcemia due to hyperPTH - sensitizes Ca2 sensing receptor in parathyroid –> decreases PTH

51
Q

24hr insulin

A

glargine, detemir

52
Q

12hr insulin

A

NPH

53
Q

2-4hr insulin

A

regular insulin

54
Q

45-75min insulin

A

aspart, lispro, glulisine

55
Q

myxedema

A

severe hypothyroidism - accumulation of glycoaminoglycans

56
Q

b-islet cells insulin signaling

A

Glucose –> glycolysis –> ATP/ADP ration –> ATP sensitive K+ channels close –> depolarization –> voltage gated Ca2+ channels open –> exocytosis of insulin granules

57
Q

somatomedin C

A

IGF-1 - stimulated by GH

58
Q

Vitamin D types

A

D2 - from plants

D3 - from sun exposure in skin

59
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

unresponsive to PTH - defect in Gs protein - short 4/5th digits

60
Q

Graves Disease Ig

A

IgG to TSH receptor –> myxedema, exopthalmos

61
Q

calcitonin positive thyroid nodule

A

medullary thyroid cancer

Step 1 (19 decks)

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