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Step 1 > Flashcards - MSK > Flashcards

Flashcards - MSK

1
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

IgM against Fc of IgG

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2
Q

Reiter Syndrome Triad

A

arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis

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3
Q

Dermatomyositis antibodies

A

ANA, anti-Jo-1

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4
Q

Paget Disease - Ca, Phos, Alk Phos labs

A

osteoclast dysfunction - normal calcium, normal phosphate, elevated alk phos

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5
Q

Erb-Duchenne/Waiter’s tip

A

upper trunk - C5-C6

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6
Q

Klumpke Palsy/Claw Hand

A

lower trunk - C8-T1

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7
Q

Winged Scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve C5-C7

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8
Q

Damage to Axillary (C5-C6) nerve causes

A

humeral neck fracture, anterior shoulder dislocation - loss of arm abduction > 15 degrees, loss of sensation over deltoid and lateral arm

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9
Q

Gout crystal

A

monosodium urate - negative birefringence needle shaped

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10
Q

Pseudogout crystal

A

Chondrocalcinosis - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate - weak positive birefringence rhombus-shaped

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11
Q

collagen type I

A

bone, tendon - osteogenesis imperfecta

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12
Q

collagen type II

A

hyaline cartwoledge

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13
Q

collagen type III

A

rethreecular - ehlers-danlos

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14
Q

collagen type IV

A

four to the floor - basement membrane - allports, goodpastures

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15
Q

osteopetrosis

A

poor osteoclast function - thick weak bones, thrombocytopenia - may benefit from bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

Rickets/osteomalacia

A

defect in mineralization of ostoid from decreased Vit D

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17
Q

Paget’s treatment

A

calcitonin, bisphosphonate

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18
Q

Gardner syndrome

A

osteoma with FAP

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19
Q

overexpression of MHC I on sarcolemma with CD8 infiltration

A

polymyositis

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20
Q

polymyositis pathogenesis

A

muscle autoantigens taken up by macs, presented to CD4+ –> IFN-gamma –> IL-1, TNF-alpha

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21
Q

tumor with cartilage cap, continuous with bone marrow

A

osteochondroma

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22
Q

osteosarcoma

A

osteoblasts, metaphysis of long bones, “sunburst”

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23
Q

osteomyelitis bone type

A

metaphysis

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24
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

t(11:22), “onion skin” - inside medullar cavity, layering of new bone - diaphysis

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25
Q

osteolytic punched out lesions

A

metastatic prostate cancer

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26
Q

small round blue cells resembling lymphocytes

A

ewing sarcoma

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27
Q

PRPP synthetase mutation

A

increased uric acid from purine metabolism - predisposes to gout

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28
Q

guyon’s canal

A

site of ulnar nerve injury - near hook of hamate and pisiform

29
Q

Lupus inducing drugs

A

hydralazine, procainamide - acetylated in liver, slow-acetylators are more predisposed

30
Q

collagen synthesis

A

pre-pro-alpha-chains cleaved –> pro-alpha chains –> Vit C dependent hydroxylation of proline/lysine –> glycosylation of galactose/glucose to lysine –> procollagen triple helix –> excreted out of RER/cell –> terminal propeptides cleaved by N/C procollagen peptidases –> tropocollagen –> collagen spontaneously assembles –> covalent crosslinks formed by lysyl oxidase

31
Q

osteoclast lineage

A

monocytes

32
Q

RANK/ligand

A

interaction of RANK and ligand result in development of mature multinucleated osteoclasts. osteoprotegerin reduces this interaction - stimulated by PTH and MCSF

33
Q

perimysial inflammation (CD4+),w/ perifasicular atrophy

A

dermatomyositis

34
Q

deoxypyridinoline

A

measure of osteoclast activity, hydroxyproline is less reliable

35
Q

pyrophosphate

A

component of hydroxyapatite - bisphosphanates are analogues

36
Q

humeral head fracture/anterior dislocation of humerus nerve

A

axillary nerve (C5-C6)

37
Q

midshaft fracture of humerus nerve

A

radial nerve (C5-T1) + deep brachial artery - wrist drop, loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

38
Q

supracondylar fracture of humerus nerve

A

median nerve (C5-T1) - ape/pope hand (while making fist) - loss of wrist flexion, thumb opposition, lumbricles, sensation over thenar eminence

39
Q

radial head subluxation nerve

A

deep radial nerve - annular ligament

40
Q

medial epicondyle facture of humerus nerve

A

ulnar (C8-T1)

41
Q

fibular fracture nerve

A

common peroneal nerve (decreased dorsiflexion, eversion and sensation over dorsum of foot)

42
Q

bisphosphonate

A

induces osteoclasts to undergo apoptosis

43
Q

femoral head fracture

A

medial femoral circumflex artery –> avascular necrosis

44
Q

foot drop

A

common peroneal/fibular nerve palsy

45
Q

femoral nerve palsy

A

pelvic fracture/ilopsoas mass - decreased flexion of thigh/extension of leg, sensation over anterior thigh down to medial calf

46
Q

tibial nerve palsy

A

trauma to knee - decreased foot inversion, plantar flexion, sensation over sole of foot

47
Q

popliteal fossa artery/nerve

A

tibial nerve/popliteal artery

48
Q

posterior to medial malleolus nerve/artery

A

tibial/posterior tibial

49
Q

An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals

A

Actin in I-band attaches Z-line, Myosin in H-band attaches M-line

50
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

defect in superoxide dismutase

51
Q

wrist bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium. (So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb).

52
Q

medial epicondylitis

A

golfers elbow

53
Q

musculocutaneous palsy

A

C5-C7 - loss of forearm flexion, supination, sensation over lateral forearm

54
Q

osteitis fibrosa cystica

A

due to hyperparathyroid -
primary - “brown tumors”, idiopathic
secondary - compensation for ESRD

55
Q

codman triangle or sunburst

A

elevation of periosteum - osteosarcoma (metaphysis) - retinoblastoma, Li Fraumeni, Pagets

56
Q

giant cell tumor

A

epiphyseal - osteoclastoma - soap bubble on x-ray, multinucleated giant cells

57
Q

pencil in cup, dactylitis

A

psoriatic arthritis - <1/3 of patients with psoriasis

58
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

associated with temporal arteritis

59
Q

Epidermis layers

A 
Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned - 
stratum Corneum
stratum Lucidum
stratum Granulosum
stratum Spinosum
stratum Basale
60
Q

parakeratosis

A

hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in corneum - psoriasis

61
Q

spongiosis

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular space - eczema

62
Q

acantholysis

A

separation of epidermal cells - pemphigus vulgaris

63
Q

Auspitz sign

A

pinpoint bleeding from psoriatic scale removal due to dermal papillae

64
Q

Erysipelas

A

well demarcated upperdermis + superficial lymphatic infection, usually from S pyogenes.

65
Q

ABCDE of melanoma

A

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter >6mm, evolution

66
Q

keratoacanthoma

A

well differentiated SCC, regresses spontaneously, cup shaped tumor

67
Q

lichen planus

A

reticular white lines - associated with HCV

68
Q

myotonic dystrophy

A

abnormally slow relaxation of muscles - frontal balding and gonadal atrophy

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