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EAWS STUDY > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the objectives of first aid?

A

Prevent further injury, infection & the loss of life.

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2
Q

What are the four methods for controlling bleeding.

A
  1. Direct pressure
  2. Elevation
  3. Pressure points
  4. Tourniquet as a last resort
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3
Q

What is a pressure point.

A

Point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.

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4
Q

How many pressure points are on one side of the body.

A

11

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5
Q

How many types of burns are there.

A

First, Second & Third degree

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a first degree burn.

A

Produces redness, warmth and mild pain.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of a second degree burn.

A

Causes red, blistered skin & severe pain.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of a third degree burn?

A

Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases. However, severe pain may be absent to nerve endings.

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9
Q

What are the two types of fractures?

A
  1. Closed/simple

2. Open/compound

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10
Q

Describe a closed fracture?

A

A broken bone with a break in the skin.

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11
Q

Describe an open/compound fracture?

A

Has a break in the skin with possible bone protrusion.

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12
Q

What is electric shock?

A

Electric shock occurs when a person comes in contact with an electric energy source. The wide variety of injuries that can result from electric shock range from little to no evidence of injury to severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest.

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13
Q

What are heat related injuries?

A
  1. Heat exhaustion

2. Heat stroke

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14
Q

Describe heat exhaustion?

A

Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, and lungs. The skin is cool, moist, and clammy. The pupils are dilated. Body temperature may be normal or high. The victim is usually sweating profusely.

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15
Q

Describe heat stroke.

A

Very serious condition caused by the breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body. The victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup. Symptoms may include hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupils, and a weak, rapid pulse.

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16
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice. The victim may appear pale and unconscious, and may be taken for dead. Breathing is slowed and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. The body tissues feel semi-rigid, and the arms and legs may feel stiff.

17
Q

Describe Superficial frostbite?

A

Develops when ice crystals are forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temp. of 32 degrees or lower.

18
Q

Describe deep frostbite?

A

Develops when ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temp. of 32 degrees or lower.

19
Q

What is shock?

A

Shock is a life-threatening medical condition whereby the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.

20
Q

What are the different types of shock?

A
  1. Septic Shock
  2. Anaphylactic Shock
  3. Cardiogenic Shock
  4. Hypovolemic Shock
  5. Neurogenic Shock
21
Q

What causes Septic shock?

A

Results from bacteria multiplying in blood and releasing toxins. Common causes of this are pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections (such as a ruptured appendix) and meningitis.

22
Q

What causes anaphylatic shock?

A

A type of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction. Causes include allergy to insect stings, medicines or foods (nuts, berries,seafood), etc.

23
Q

What causes Cardiogenic shock?

A

Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body. This can be the end result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

24
Q

What causes hypovolemic shock?

A

Caused by severe blood and fluid loss, such as traumatic bodily injury, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.

25
Q

What causes Neurogenic shock?

A

Caused by a spinal cord injury, usually as a result of a traumatic accident or injury.

26
Q

What does “CPR” stand for?

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

27
Q

What is CPR?

A

It is a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions delivered to victim to be in thought to be in cardiac arrest. When cardiac arrest occurs the use of CPR can support a small amount of blood flow to the heart and brain to buy time until normal heart function is restored.

28
Q

What is the A/B/C method of CPR?

A 
A= Airway
B= Breathing
C= Circulation
29
Q

What are the steps of the survival chain?

A
  1. Recognition/activation of CPR
  2. Chest compressions
  3. AED/defibrillator
  4. Rapid defibrillation
  5. Effective advanced life support (EMT’s, ambulance)
  6. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

EAWS STUDY (25 decks)

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