final review Flashcards
the pitch of a person’s voice
depends on the tension of the vocal cords
right lung
has a shorter and more vertical main bronchus
ureter
capable of peristalsis like that in the GI tract
adrenal glands
produce aldosterone
phosphate ions
highest in intracellular fluid
bicarbonate ions
highest in extracellular fluid
proteins
highest in intracellular fluid
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
can be due to barbituate overdose
can trigger renal bicarbonate generation
pons
thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration
contains PRG
cells that produce enamel
degenerate when the tooth erupts, so it fails to heal when decayed
the body prevents food from entering during deglutition by
causing the epiglottis to block the trachea
causing the soft palate to rise and close off the nasopharynx
intestinal phase
inhibits gastric emptying to prevent overloading the duodenum
most important byproduct of the krebs cycle
reduced coenzymes FADH2 and NADH+ H+
post-absorptive state
characterized by ketone body formation
RBCs
NOT mitotically active
IV saline administration
would cause patients hematocrit to drop w/o a reduction in RBC count
first step in hemostasis
vasoconstriction
thymus
most active during childhood
antigen
responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned
type IV hypersensitivity
can cause immune rejection of a kidney transplant
self-tolerance
developed during clonal deletion in the fetus
lymphoid tissue
predominantly recticular CT
aortic and pulmonary valves
control the flow of blood out of the heart
heart muscle cells of the ventricle
have a steady RMP
when baroreceptors are stimulated
cardiac output is decreased
common carotid artery
flows against gravity
arteries
more elastic fibers present in walls of arteries than in veins
effects of pregnancy
increased BV
increased urine production
increased tidal volume
increased PTH and Vit. D
functions of progesterone
helps prepare uterine lining for implantation of the fertilized egg
helps maintain the uterine lining and prevents contractions of the uterine muscles
helps prepare mammary glands for milk production via prolactin
produced by corpus luteum in response to hcG for first 3 months; after the first 3 months of pregnancy, it is produced in response to the placenta
inhalation
decrease in intrapleural pressure
becomes more positive
exhalation
increase in intrapleural pressure
becomes more negative
peritubular capillaries
filtration
reabsorption
H+
filtered
reabsorbed
secreted
Cl-
depends on Na+ during tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule
ejaculatory duct
single unpaired structure of the male reproductive system
glomerular filtration
net pressure of 10-20 units
lymph
has less plasma proteins than blood plasma
pancreas
neutralizes the acidity in small intestine via alkaline pancreatic juice
diaphragm
contraction involves increase in volume of the intrapleural cavity vertically
relaxation involves decrease in volume of the intrapleural cavity transversely
secretion
filtration-reabsorption-elimination
sinusoid capillaires
big pores for the transport of RBCs and proteins
found in liver, spleen, bone marrow
fenestrated capillaries
small pores for the transport of hormones and proteins
found in kidneys and intestines
continuous capillaries
no pores
transport water, ion, and lipid-soluble molecules
found in muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue
enteric
secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones throughout the alimentary canal
myenteric
motility of GI tract
spermiogenesis
changes spermatids undergo to become mature sperm (formation of acrosome, development of flagella, and shedding of excess cytoplasm)
spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells in seminiferous tubules
HP
filtration force
greater HP than OP results in fluid out of capillary
OP
reabsorption force
