final occiput axial joint

Question 1

what is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

Answer 1

the notochord

Question 2

what is the functin of the alar ligament

Answer 2

together they function to resist axial rotation

Question 3

what forms the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 3

the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane

Question 4

what are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane

Answer 4

the posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the capsular ligament of the atlanto occipital joint and cranial dura of the posterior cranial fossa

Question 5

list in order the ligament in a midsagittal plane from the dura mater at the level of the medulla oblongata to the anterior bursa of the median atlanto axial joint

Answer 5

the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane
the cruciate ligament
the capsular ligament of the posterior bursa of the median atlanto axial joint
the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

Question 6

for the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion extension

Answer 6

about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple

Question 7

for the cervical spine below C2 what is the range of one side lateral bending

Answer 7

about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple

Question 8

for the cervical spine below C2 what is the range of one side axial rotation

Answer 8

about 33 degrees or about 6 degrees per couple

Question 9

what ligament attaches to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and the tip of the odontoid process of C2

Answer 9

the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament