Exam 2 Cervical & Atypical Cervical Vertebrae 1 Flashcards
The greatest range of flexion extension among the typical cervical vertebra occurs at which vertebral couple
Typically C5 C6
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine
Lateral bending and axial rotation
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebra will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples
The C-2 C-3, C-3 C-4, C-4 C-5 Vertebral couples
Ranges of couple motion among the typical cervical vertebra will begin to decrease at which cervical vertebral couple
C-5 C-6 vertebral couple
What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process
They are bifed
What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process
They are non bifid
What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process
Spinalis cervicis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotators Interspinalis
What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen
The lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above
the uncinate process in the vertebral body of the segment below
the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament
What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen
The inferior articular process post zygapophysis
the superior articular process pre-zygapophysis
the capsular ligament
ligamentum flavum
What forms the unique anterior boundary of the inter-vertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve
The lateral groove of C3 and the uncinate process of C-4 forming the joint of Luschka
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra
Atlas
What features are lacking on C1
Vertebral body
pedicles
spinous process
the intravertebral disc
What is thought to represent the pedicle at C-1
The anterior arch
What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1
Longus colli
What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1
The anterior longitudinal
anterior atlantooccipital
anterior atlantal axial
What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1
The Fovea dentis
What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1
They are elliptical
closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet service into two separate surfaces
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1
Bum backward upward medial
What is the joint classification of the atlantooccipital zygapophysis
Synovial diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1
Asymmetrical slightly concave or flattened
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1
BMD backward medial downward
What is the joint classification of the atlantoaxial zygapophysis
Synovial plane diarthrosis arthrodia joint
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1
Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament
What muscles attached to the lateral mass of C1
Levator scapula
Splenius cervisis
rectus capitis anterior
What will influence spinal kinematics
Geometry of articular facets
mechanical properties of connective tissue
mechanical properties of muscle
What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference ofC1
About 40%
What part of C1 represents the spinous process
Posterior tubercle of the posterior posterior arch
What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender
Males: about 50 millimeters
Females:! About 37 millimeters
What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of c1
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Ligamentum nuchae
What attaches to the arcuate rim of c1
The posterior atlanto occipital Ligament
Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification
Accessory bone
What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament was observed
About age 7 years old
What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament
A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus
What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus
Kimmerles anomaly
What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus
Arcuate foremen or retroarticular canal
Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations
All ethnic populations studied thus far
What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the population studied
1%-41%
What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus
Female
What is the location of the zygapophysis relative to the atlanto occipital and atlanto axial intervertebral foramina
It forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases
What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of c1
Costal element
Posterior tubercle
true transverse process
What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at c1
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar
What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the Spinal dura called
Myodural bridges
What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to
The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas
What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed
The retrotransverse foramen
What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen
Vertebral artery
Branches from the suboccipital nerve and Veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck
Which of the ponticles bridges of atlas is most numerous
Ponticulus posticus
Which of the ponticles bridges of atlas is only Observed in Humans
Lateral bridges
What is observed in the transverse foramen of c1
Vertebral artery
Vertebral venous plexus
Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fiber
What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of c1
Males:78 millimeters
Females:72 millimeters
What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of c1 to the skin for each gender
A little over 30 millimeters for both males and females
What muscles attach to the transverse process of c1
Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis lateralis Middle scalene Levator scapula Splenius cervicis Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitis inferior Intertransversarii muscles
What joint classifications are observed at C-1
Fibrous amphiarthrosis syndesmosis joint
synovial diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
synovial pivot diarthrosis Trochoid joint
synovial plane diarthrosis arthrodia joint
How many synovial joint surfaces are observed C1
5
What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C-1
Two superior articular facets
Two inferior articular facets
the fovea dentis
