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Spinal Anatomy Summer 2015 > Exam 2 Cervical & Atypical Cervical Vertebrae 1 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Cervical & Atypical Cervical Vertebrae 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The greatest range of flexion extension among the typical cervical vertebra occurs at which vertebral couple

A

Typically C5 C6

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2
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine

A

Lateral bending and axial rotation

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3
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebra will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples

A

The C-2 C-3, C-3 C-4, C-4 C-5 Vertebral couples

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4
Q

Ranges of couple motion among the typical cervical vertebra will begin to decrease at which cervical vertebral couple

A

C-5 C-6 vertebral couple

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5
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process

A

They are bifed

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6
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process

A

They are non bifid

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7
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process

A 
Spinalis cervicis
Semispinalis cervicis 
Semispinalis thoracis 
Multifidis 
Rotators 
Interspinalis
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8
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

The lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above
the uncinate process in the vertebral body of the segment below
the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament

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9
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

The inferior articular process post zygapophysis
the superior articular process pre-zygapophysis
the capsular ligament
ligamentum flavum

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10
Q

What forms the unique anterior boundary of the inter-vertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve

A

The lateral groove of C3 and the uncinate process of C-4 forming the joint of Luschka

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11
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra

A

Atlas

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12
Q

What features are lacking on C1

A

Vertebral body
pedicles
spinous process
the intravertebral disc

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13
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C-1

A

The anterior arch

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14
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1

A

Longus colli

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15
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

The anterior longitudinal
anterior atlantooccipital
anterior atlantal axial

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16
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

The Fovea dentis

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17
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

They are elliptical

closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet service into two separate surfaces

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18
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1

A

Bum backward upward medial

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19
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlantooccipital zygapophysis

A

Synovial diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

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20
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

Asymmetrical slightly concave or flattened

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21
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

BMD backward medial downward

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22
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlantoaxial zygapophysis

A

Synovial plane diarthrosis arthrodia joint

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23
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

24
Q

What muscles attached to the lateral mass of C1

A

Levator scapula
Splenius cervisis
rectus capitis anterior

25
Q

What will influence spinal kinematics

A

Geometry of articular facets
mechanical properties of connective tissue
mechanical properties of muscle

26
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference ofC1

A

About 40%

27
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior posterior arch

28
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

Males: about 50 millimeters
Females:! About 37 millimeters

29
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of c1

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Ligamentum nuchae

30
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of c1

A

The posterior atlanto occipital Ligament

31
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

A

Accessory bone

32
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament was observed

A

About age 7 years old

33
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament

A

A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

34
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

A

Kimmerles anomaly

35
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

Arcuate foremen or retroarticular canal

36
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations

A

All ethnic populations studied thus far

37
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the population studied

A

1%-41%

38
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

A

Female

39
Q

What is the location of the zygapophysis relative to the atlanto occipital and atlanto axial intervertebral foramina

A

It forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

40
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of c1

A

Costal element
Posterior tubercle
true transverse process

41
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at c1

A

Anterior tubercle

Costotransverse bar

42
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior

43
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the Spinal dura called

A

Myodural bridges

44
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

45
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

A

The retrotransverse foramen

46
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

A

Vertebral artery

Branches from the suboccipital nerve and Veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

47
Q

Which of the ponticles bridges of atlas is most numerous

A

Ponticulus posticus

48
Q

Which of the ponticles bridges of atlas is only Observed in Humans

A

Lateral bridges

49
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of c1

A

Vertebral artery
Vertebral venous plexus
Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fiber

50
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of c1

A

Males:78 millimeters
Females:72 millimeters

51
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of c1 to the skin for each gender

A

A little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

52
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of c1

A 
Rectus capitis anterior 
Rectus capitis lateralis
Middle scalene 
Levator  scapula 
Splenius cervicis 
Obliquus capitis superior 
Obliquus capitis inferior 
Intertransversarii muscles
53
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C-1

A

Fibrous amphiarthrosis syndesmosis joint
synovial diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
synovial pivot diarthrosis Trochoid joint
synovial plane diarthrosis arthrodia joint

54
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed C1

A

5

55
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C-1

A

Two superior articular facets
Two inferior articular facets
the fovea dentis

Spinal Anatomy Summer 2015 (67 decks)

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