Final Exam Transition Zones Flashcards
What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1
Atlas assimilation
What is the incidence of occipitalization of C1
.1- .8%
When do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear
During the last trimester in utero
What is the characteristic of occipitalization of C1
The atlas maybe partially or completely fused to the occiput
When do the bilateral ossification centers for odontoid process fuse
At or shortly after birth
What joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers in the Centrum of C2
The sub dental synchondrosis
What is the classification of the joint form between the C2 Odontoid process and centrum
Amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
Ossification between the odontoid process and Centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age
Four years old
A joint between odontoid process and Centrum of C2 his last identified at what age
Seven years old
What is the name given to the condition in which the joint form between odontoid process and Centrum of C2 persist beyond age 7
Os odontoideum
What is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and Centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7
Persistence subdental synchondrosis
What is the name given to the joint form between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification
Tip of the dens synchondrosis
What is this classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification
Amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear
Sometime in early adolescence
Based on the age of appearance how was the tip of the dens center of ossification classified
Secondary center of ossification
At what age will the tip of the dens fuse with odontoid process
Before age 12
If the joint form between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persist beyond age 12 what is the condition called
Terminal ossicle
What are the transition zones of the vertebral column
Occipitocervical cervicothoracic Thoracolumbar lumbosacral Sacrococcygeal
What is the basilar impression
A persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain
What is basilar invagination
The upper cervical spine appears to be invaginate do into the skull on X-ray analysis
What is the incidence of rib related changes following dorsalization of C7
From one half to two and one half percent of the population
Do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7
No, they are typically asypomtomatic
What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7
Female
What alteration in C7 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization
The superior articular facet of C7 may change from back, upward, and medial to that of a typical thoracic facet… Back, upward, lateral, the inferior articular facet is changed
What percent of the population may demonstrate thoracic like features at C7
Up to 46%
What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicaliztion
The superior articular facet may change from back upward and lateral to back upward and medial the inferior articular facet is unchanged
What is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population
Up to 28% of the population
What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population
Over 7% of the population demonstrates lumbar ribs
What L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization
The superior articular facet ,may change from concave, back upward and medial to back upward and lateral the inferior articular facet is unchanged
What is gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1
Males are two to three times more affected
What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization
The superior articular facet may change from flat back upward and lateral to concave back upward and medial the inferior articular facet is unchanged
What T11 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization
The inferior articular facet may change from flat forward, medial, and downward to convex forward, lateral, and downward, the superior articular facet is unchanged
What is usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics, and lumber vertebrae during imaging studies
Identify the vertebrae with ribs, they will be thoracics, those higher are cervicals, and those lower are lumbars
What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1
The failure of synesthesia between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala
What is characteristic of sacralization of L5
L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum
What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population
41-85%
which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine
L5
what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5
none
what is the incidence of variation within the Sacrococcygeal region in the population
up to 14%
what is characteristic of sacralization of Co1
the premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum
What is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2
The segments do not completely fuse together r
What is squaring of the vertebral body of S1
The S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging
What is flaring of the sacral ala
Transverse process of the ala appears to elevate ad though separating from the rest of the sacral aka
What is characteristic of coccygeal of S5
The separation of S5 from sacrum and it’s premature fusion to Co1
