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Spinal Anatomy Summer 2015 > Final Exam Transition Zones > Flashcards

Final Exam Transition Zones Flashcards

1
Q

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1

A

Atlas assimilation

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2
Q

What is the incidence of occipitalization of C1

A

.1- .8%

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3
Q

When do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear

A

During the last trimester in utero

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4
Q

What is the characteristic of occipitalization of C1

A

The atlas maybe partially or completely fused to the occiput

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5
Q

When do the bilateral ossification centers for odontoid process fuse

A

At or shortly after birth

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6
Q

What joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers in the Centrum of C2

A

The sub dental synchondrosis

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7
Q

What is the classification of the joint form between the C2 Odontoid process and centrum

A

Amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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8
Q

Ossification between the odontoid process and Centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age

A

Four years old

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9
Q

A joint between odontoid process and Centrum of C2 his last identified at what age

A

Seven years old

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10
Q

What is the name given to the condition in which the joint form between odontoid process and Centrum of C2 persist beyond age 7

A

Os odontoideum

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11
Q

What is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and Centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7

A

Persistence subdental synchondrosis

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12
Q

What is the name given to the joint form between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification

A

Tip of the dens synchondrosis

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13
Q

What is this classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification

A

Amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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14
Q

At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear

A

Sometime in early adolescence

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15
Q

Based on the age of appearance how was the tip of the dens center of ossification classified

A

Secondary center of ossification

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16
Q

At what age will the tip of the dens fuse with odontoid process

A

Before age 12

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17
Q

If the joint form between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persist beyond age 12 what is the condition called

A

Terminal ossicle

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18
Q

What are the transition zones of the vertebral column

A 
Occipitocervical 
cervicothoracic 
Thoracolumbar 
lumbosacral 
Sacrococcygeal
19
Q

What is the basilar impression

A

A persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain

19
Q

What is basilar invagination

A

The upper cervical spine appears to be invaginate do into the skull on X-ray analysis

20
Q

What is the incidence of rib related changes following dorsalization of C7

A

From one half to two and one half percent of the population

21
Q

Do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7

A

No, they are typically asypomtomatic

22
Q

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7

A

Female

23
Q

What alteration in C7 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization

A

The superior articular facet of C7 may change from back, upward, and medial to that of a typical thoracic facet… Back, upward, lateral, the inferior articular facet is changed

24
Q

What percent of the population may demonstrate thoracic like features at C7

A

Up to 46%

25
Q

What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicaliztion

A

The superior articular facet may change from back upward and lateral to back upward and medial the inferior articular facet is unchanged

26
Q

What is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population

A

Up to 28% of the population

27
Q

What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population

A

Over 7% of the population demonstrates lumbar ribs

28
Q

What L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization

A

The superior articular facet ,may change from concave, back upward and medial to back upward and lateral the inferior articular facet is unchanged

29
Q

What is gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1

A

Males are two to three times more affected

30
Q

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization

A

The superior articular facet may change from flat back upward and lateral to concave back upward and medial the inferior articular facet is unchanged

31
Q

What T11 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization

A

The inferior articular facet may change from flat forward, medial, and downward to convex forward, lateral, and downward, the superior articular facet is unchanged

32
Q

What is usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics, and lumber vertebrae during imaging studies

A

Identify the vertebrae with ribs, they will be thoracics, those higher are cervicals, and those lower are lumbars

33
Q

What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1

A

The failure of synesthesia between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

34
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of L5

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

35
Q

What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population

A

41-85%

36
Q

which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine

A

L5

37
Q

what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5

A

none

38
Q

what is the incidence of variation within the Sacrococcygeal region in the population

A

up to 14%

39
Q

what is characteristic of sacralization of Co1

A

the premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

40
Q

What is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2

A

The segments do not completely fuse together r

41
Q

What is squaring of the vertebral body of S1

A

The S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging

42
Q

What is flaring of the sacral ala

A

Transverse process of the ala appears to elevate ad though separating from the rest of the sacral aka

43
Q

What is characteristic of coccygeal of S5

A

The separation of S5 from sacrum and it’s premature fusion to Co1

Spinal Anatomy Summer 2015 (67 decks)

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