Final; Neurological Viruses Flashcards
How are selected toga viruses and flaviviruses transmitted
via a vector; arthropod transmission
What are the most common vectors
mosquitoes
ticks
What are the most common reservoirs
birds small mammals (rodents, etc.)
What does transmission require via a vector
replication within the vector
What is determined by the vector and reservoir habitat
geographic location of the disease/infection
What is the genome of the EEE and VEE viruses
+ssRNA
What is the virion of the EEE and VEE viruses
enveloped
How does the EEE and VEE viruses exit the cell
via budding
How are the EEE and VEE viruses transmitted
via the bite of an infected arthropod
Where in the body do the EEE and VEE viruses infect
it infects cells locally and/or carried by the Langerhans cells to the LN
it then replicates and releases into the bloodstream –> CNS
What is the incubation period of EEE
4 to 10 days
What are the symptoms and duration of the EEE systemic disease
chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia
lasting 1-2 weeks; full recovery
What are the symptoms of EEE encephalitic disease
fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsons, and coma
How many cases of encephalitic EEE die
1/3 of the cases die from the disease 2-10 days after the onset
What happens to those who recover from encephalitic EEE
they have long term sequelae; seizures, personality disorders, paralysis
What are the prevention strategies for EEE and VEE
a single vaccine is available, but only provided for those at risk
there is no treatment
mosquito control and repellant
Where is EEE prevalent in the US
the more warm humid locations like the south and the eastern coastline
What is the incubation period for the west nile virus
2 to 14 days, most people (80%) are asymptomatic
What are the symptoms in those that get an infection of west nile virus
fever, headache, fatigue (in 20% of cases)
duration of 3-6 days
What disease from west nile is prevalent in <1% of all cases
neuroinvasive disease
What are the symptoms of neuroinvasive disease from west nile
aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state and tremors
50% of survivors have sequelae 1 year later
What are the prevention and control strategies of west nile
no vaccine
no treatment
mosquito control and repellant
Why is west nile more prevalent across the US than EEE or VEE
birds are the reservoir and are found more widespread across the US
What is the genome of the rabies virus
-ssRNA
What is the virion of the rabies virus
enveloped
True or False
Rabies can infect many different hosts
True; broad tropism
What dictates the abundance of transcripts and proteins of the rabies virus
the genome order
Binding of what triggers genomic replication of the rabies virus
of N to RNA
What does the rabies virus frequently produce
defecting interfering particles
How is rabies transmitted
via the bite on an infected animal; only 15% of bites cause the disease but 60% of those to the face or head
What are the reservoirs of rabies
bats
skunks
raccoons
Where is rabies common in developing countries
in dogs; a common source of human rabies
What is the incubation period of rabies
1-3 months
depends on the location of the bite
How does rabies spread through the body
it replicated locally util it finds a neuron then to the brain, then out to the peripherally and specifically the salivary glands
What are the symptoms of rabies
prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache
hydrophobia; difficulty swallowing = foaming at the mouth
cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusions, delirium, hallucinations, insomnia
What is the outcome of rabies
Once the symptoms appear, disease is nearly always fatal; only 10 documented survivals
What is used to prevent rabies
vaccine available
post-exposure prophylaxis; administered ASAP
What is used to control rabies
vaccination of domestic animals
some countries are vaccinating wildlife
