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SP14 Microbiology > EX2 Staphylococcus - Daniels > Flashcards

EX2 Staphylococcus - Daniels Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are staph gram + or -

A

gram +

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2
Q

Is staph motile

A

no; non mitile

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3
Q

Does staph form spores

A

no; non-spore forming

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4
Q

What level of oxygen does staph prefer

A

facultative anaerobes

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5
Q

Are staph catalae negative or positive

A

positive

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6
Q

This species staph is coagulase positive

A

S. aureus

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7
Q

This causes the highest burden of disease in people

A

S. aureus

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8
Q

S. aureus is the most common causative agent of what diseases

A 
integumentary and wounds
bacteremia
aspiration pneumonia
UTI
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
food poisoning
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9
Q

Where does S. aureus live and where is it most likely to be encountered

A

lives on and around people; 30-40% prevalence in nasal carriage
muco-cutaneous junctions
hearty environmental survival (clothes, surfaces)
commensal

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10
Q

What surfaces does S. aureus enter through

A

skin/follicles (wounds/ burns/bite marks)

mucosal surfaces

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11
Q

What can vary the spread of S. aureus

A

bacterial inoculum
host immunocompetence
location of infection
bacteremia + immune compromise = trouble

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12
Q

What type of population is at risk for severe S. aureus infections

A 
young children/elderly
diabetics
immunosuppressive
HIV
dialysis
IV drug users
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13
Q

MSCRAMMs are what

A

microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules
enhance the ability to colonize and invade

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14
Q

What is an example of a MSCRAMM and what is so important about it

A

fibronectin

key player in the ECM function of adhesion

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15
Q

True or False

Collagen is a MSCRAMM

A

True

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16
Q

What assists fibronectin in binding

A

clumping factors; clot formation

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17
Q

What is pus

A

acute suppurative inflammation

pus = neutrophils (PMNs)

18
Q

What do neutrophils do

A

they are first to arrive
phagocytosis
release toxic oxidative substances (ROS) to kill bacteria
release cytokines for recruitment

19
Q

What is a disadvantage of ROS

A

they also damage host tissue

sustained inflammation

20
Q

This is a virulence factor of S. aureus that blocks phagocytosis

A

polysaccharide capsule

21
Q

This is a virulence factor of S. aureus that blocks antibody function

A

Protein A

22
Q

This is a virulence factor of S. aureus that pop PMNs (lyse neutrophils)

A

pore-forming toxin

23
Q

This is a specific toxin that is very toxic to PMNs

A

panton-valentine leukocidin

produced a lot by MRSA

24
Q

This disease causes the layers of the epidermis to separate; caused by exfoliative toxins A and B

A

staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome

SSSS

25
Q

What are exfoliative toxins

A

proteases with high-specifitiy for desmosomal proteins in the skin

26
Q

TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome toxin) is a what

A

superantigen

27
Q

Superantigens cause what

A

an unregulated inflammatory response by activating high numbers of CD4 T cells

28
Q

What cytokines are released that influence TSS symptoms

A

IL-1; fever
TNF-α and β; hypertension and capillary leakage
IFN-γ, IL-2; rash

29
Q

With an intoxication, not an infection, of staph, what occurs

A

the toxin is pre-formed in contaminated unrefridgerated food (food poisoning)

30
Q

Many strains of S. aureus secrete what

A

enterotoxins (A, B, C, D, E)

31
Q

superantigens as enterotoxins cause what

A

intense paristalsis

32
Q

What is special about the enterotoxin in food poisioning

A

It is heat stable

cooking the food will kill the bacteria, but no the toxin that has formed

33
Q

These are penicillin binding proteins (PBP) that make the cross links in peptidoglycan

A

transpeptidsaes

transglycosylases

34
Q

β-lactam antimicrobial agents are inhibitory substrates for what

A

PBPs

penicillin binds to the protein and inhibits cell wall formation

35
Q

What are the two types of S. aureus that deal with the penicillin family

A

methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)

methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

36
Q

What extra PBP is found in MRSA

A

PBP2a

37
Q

There is prevalent resistance of what is S. aureus

A

β-lactam

38
Q

True or False

MRSA frequently carry resistance genes to other drug classes

A

True!

39
Q

This is used to treat MRSA, or presumed MRSA; although cases of resistant S. aureus have been reported via enterococcus faecium conjugative transposon

A

vancomycin

40
Q

What makes MRSE so epidemiologically active

A

In some US regions, 50% of SA infections are MRSA

it is persistent, 21% still carry 4 years post diagnosis

41
Q

True or False

MRSA is more statistically common in the population than in healthcare and professionals

A

False 1% of the population, 5-15% in healthcare, etc.

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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