Final; Antivirals and Vaccines Flashcards
What do antivirals target
structural, functional, and genomic information to identify targets
must be active against the virus and not to the host
This is an antiviral of HIV blocking gp41, inhibiting membrane fusion
Enfucvirtide
These are antivirals of influenza that blocks ion channels preventing nucleocapsid release at the end of cell entry
Amantadine
Rimantadine
What is one things antivirals can target preventing genome replication
nucleoside analogs; chain terminators
This is an antiviral of herpes; most effective against HSV, speficifity depends on virus thymadine kinase (nucleoside inhibitors)
acyclovir
This is the first antiviral approved for clinic
acyclovir
This antiviral is effective against CMV, but is more toxic due to interference with cellular kinases
ganciclovir
This antiviral is like nucleoside inhibitors for herpes virus infections, improved for oral bioavailibity
valganciclovir
This antiviral for herpesvirus prevents viral polymerase and is administered via an IV and is toxic
foscarnet
What is unique about antivirals involving HIV an HBV
toxicity is an issue
resistance is often observed
usually need more than 1 type (co-administration)
This antiviral inhibits RNA viruses via many ways as well as impairing capping on mRNA
ribavirin
This form of ribavirin inhibits polymerases of RNA viruses
triphosphate
This form of ribavirin inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase lowering GTP in the cell
monophosphate
Maturation of viral progeny often requires what
cleavage of virus polypeptide
True or False
Immature progeny are infectious
False; they are not
This treatment for HIV blocks cleavage of gag-pol polypeptide blocking the activity of other protease inhibitors also blocking action of cellular proteases that act on viral protease inhibitors
ritonavir
What are some challenges involving bioavailabity with antivirals
absorption into the body
transport to site of virus
intake by cell
therapeutic window
What is a challenge involving specificity with antivirals
targets the virus activities exclusively or with great preference
What is a challenge involving toxicity with antivirals
low impact on patient
This is a natural antiviral, although the mechanism is not understood, it is more effective against RNA viruses
interferons
This type of vaccine involves administering all or part of a pathogenic agent to induce antibodies or cell-mediated immunity
active immunization
This type of vaccine involves administration of exogenously produced antibodies
passive immunization
What are the two forms of vaccines
live, attenuated
killed
This is a possible complication with live attenuated vaccine, and what disease is caused by it specifically with polio
reversion
vaccine-acquired paralytic poliomyelitis
only killed vaccines in US
What are the three important cell types in vaccination
B cells
CD8
CD4
What do vaccines utilizing B cells only target
pneumonococcal and HIB
What do vaccines utilizing B cell and T cell immunity including secretory IgA target
influenza, polio, oral typhoid
Which age groups/populations should be vaccinated
young children and the elderly
weak immune system; immunocompromised
may not respond to live attenuated
those with complications like smallpox and eczema
