Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SP14 Microbiology > EX1 Cytokines/Chemokines - Bailey > Flashcards

EX1 Cytokines/Chemokines - Bailey Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins secreted by cells that mediate the functions of the immune system

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the term ________ refers to the fact that many proteins are produced by one immune cell to act on neighboring cells

A

interleukin (more specific than cytokine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytokine secretion is _____ and ___-_____; it is not ________

A

brief and self-limited

instantaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytokine action is _____ and ________; they act in _______

A

pleitropic (multiple functions) and redundant

synergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytokines ________ each other

A

influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytokines can act _______ and ________

A

locally and systemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to _______ membrane-bound receptors

A

specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytokine receptor ligation leads to _____ _____ which alters _____ _____

A

gene expression

cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False

Cytokines work either for the innate system or the adaptive system; not both

A

False; many cytokines overlap systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cells that produce cytokines include…..

A

lymphocytes
monocytes/macrophages
all the cells of innate/adaptive immunity
endothelial/epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α/β IL-6, IL-12, IFN (and others) are _______

A

pro-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β are _______

A

anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytokines are important for immunity because they ______ immune cells, ______ immune cells to site of infection, and help ______ the _______ immune response

A

activate
recruit
activate
adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This cytokine is the principal mediator for the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria, endotoxic shock, and chronic inflammatory conditions

A

TNF-α

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This cytokine has two forms, an α and β, which bind to the same receptor and have the same function

A

IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This cytokine is primarily produced by mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils

A

IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This cytokine is involved with induction of inflammatory response

A

IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This cytokine is produced by monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, DC cells, and T cells

A

TNF-α

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This cytokine is primarily produced by macrophages and T cells

A

IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This cytokine stimulates the recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and activated T cells to the site of infection

A

TNF-α

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False

TNF-α can have detrimental effects as well as beneficial effects

A

True; if it is found in too high of quantities it can cause septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This cytokine is primarily involved with induction of the acute phase response

23
Q

During an infection, what causes you to be sick

A

cytokines (IL-6/IL-1) on brain (?)

24
Q

This cytokine is the primary mediator of innate immune response to intracellular pathogens

25
This cytokine is important for the generation of adaptive immune response that would be appropriate for intracellular pathogens - Th1 immunity
IL-12
26
IL-12 stimulates the activation of macrophages via ______
IFN-γ
27
This cytokine can be produced be NK cells, Th cells, and Tk cells
IFN-γ
28
These cytokines are involved with Th1 type immunity
IFN-γ (and IL-2)
29
These cytokines are involved with Th2 type immunity
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (and IL-2)
30
This cytokine is primarily produced by cells of the adaptive immune response
IL-2
31
This cytokine is needed for the growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells (both helper and killer)
IL-2
32
____ _____ is IL-2 dependent
clonal expansion
33
The adaptive immunity most effective against INTRAcellular pathogens is (Th1 or Th2)
Th1
34
The adaptive immunity most effective against INTERcellular(extracellular) pathogens is (Th1 or Th2)
Th2
35
The primary function of this cytokine is to facilitate the ability of macrophages to kill intracellular microbes; enhances microbicidal activity and increase the population of opsonizing antibodies
IFN-γ
36
IFN-γ will also increase _____ ______
antigen presentation; so that Tk cells can kill intracellular pathogens
37
This cytokine is a key Th2 cytokine and is the primary stimulus for Ig class switching to Ig___
IL-4 | IgE
38
This cytokine can induce naive Th cells to differentiate into Th2 cells (just like IL-4) and also induces Ig isotope switching to Ig____; and it stimulates mucous production in gut and lung
IL-13 | IgE
39
This cytokine can facilitate inflammation by increasing adhesion molecule and chemokine expression
IL-13
40
This cytokine's primary job is in eosinophil (protection of parasites) differentiation, proliferation, and activation
IL-5
41
IL-5 (and other Th2 cytokines) are involved in ______ responses
allergic
42
Innate cytokines are often considered _______
inflammatory
43
IL-12 and IFN help to activate the (adaptive/innate) immune response
adaptive (particularly Th1)
44
This cytokine inhibits the production of IL-12 and is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells and Th cells
IL-10
45
These are chemotactic cytokines and make up the largest category of cytokines; their primary role is to regulate migration of cells to peripheral tissue or lymph
chemokines
46
Classification of chemokines is based on the number and location of ________ _____ ______
N-terminal cysteine resides CXC (cysteine, something, cysteine) CC (cysteine-cysteine) etc.
47
Chemokine receptors bind with (only one/multiple) chemokines and can be found on (specific/many different) cells
multiple | many different
48
Chemokines are responsible for ______ _____
increasing affinity
49
Chemokines increase affinity by creating a ____ _____ of which immune cells follow
concentration gradient
50
This type of cytokine receptor binds IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13; its binds via Jak-STAT
Type I
51
This type of cytokine receptor binds IFN-γ and IL-10; binds via Jak-STAT
Type II
52
This type of cytokine receptor binds TNF-α; binds via multiple signaling cascades (can lead to TF expression or apoptosis)
TNF receptor superfamily
53
This type of cytokine receptor binds IL-1; signals similarly to TLRs
IL-1 receptor family

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions