EX1 Adaptive Immunity - Stiner Flashcards
ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 are found on _______ cells and assist with T cell migration/stability
endothelial
Activated T cells must _____ to site of infection an be retained so that they can express their effector functions and eradicate virally infected cells
migrate
______ can be activated by T cells via ______ secretion
macrophages
IFN-γ
MAP kinases, protein kinase C, and calcineurin stimulate ______ production
CD8 T cells
CD8 cells lyse target cells via ______ _____ and ______
lytic granules
Fas-FasL
There are 3 types of lytic granules found in CD8 cells and they are…
Perforin (forms a pore)
granzymes (induces apoptosis)
granulysin (induces apoptosis)
_____ cells use the same mechanism of lysis target cells as CD8 cells do
NK
Granzyme B induces apoptosis by activating ________
caspases (specifically caspase 3 and 9)
Caspase 3 activation leads to _____ _____ ______ which induces apoptosis
caspase activated DNAase (CAD) [from cleavage iCAD)
FasL on _______ interacts with Fas (CD95) on _____ _____ which induces apoptosis
CTL
target cell
The Fas associated death domain (FADD) leads to signaling cascades that activate _______
caspase 8
CD4 T cells produce _____ which activates macrophages
IFN-γ
CD4 T cells produce cytokines to provide co-stimulation for ________ activation
CD8 T cell
CD4 T cells produce cytokines to enhance the activity of ____
APCs
True or False
Viruses can escape the immune response via inhibition of phagolysosome function, antigen presentation, blocking the transport of MHC-I from the RER, producing IL-10, and blocking cytokine activation of effector cells
True
Immune response to extracellular pathogens in initiated by ______ and ______
macrophages and neutrophils
Why is Th1 immunity referred to as a driver of cell mediated immunity?
it stimulates other cells in the immune response (i.e. cell mediated immunity) via IFN-γ
(Th1 or Th2) immunity drives the antibody response via isotope switching
Th2
True or False
The humoral immune response involves Th cell production
False; humoral immunity involved antibodies
True or False
Naive and activated B cells can produce antibody
False; naive B cells CANNOT produce antibodies
True or False
B cells can be activated by microbes and soluble antigen, and it primarily involved IgM
True
B cell exposure to microbes can result in changes in _____ and _____
phenotype and function
True or False
Isotype switching is not dependent upon T cells and cytokines
False; it IS dependent upon those things
The main cytokines that induce class switching are (2)
IFN-γ
IL-4
What is the most prevalent antibody isotope in the mouth
IgA
Long lived antibody producing plasma cells and memory B cells take up residence in the ____ _____ and _____ ____ _____
bone marrow
secondary lymph nodes
Active immunization is known as _______
vaccination
True or False
Active immunization is accomplished by the passive injection of preformed antibodies
False; passive immunization
This type of vaccine uses organisms whose virulence has been artificially reduced; is the most common vaccination
live attenuated vaccines
This vaccine uses closely related organism of lesser virulence
heterologous vaccines
This vaccine uses genetic engineering
Life recombinant vaccines
This vaccine is made when safe live vaccines have not been developed or when reversion to the wild type is common
killed vaccines
Subcellular fractions and recombinant proteins are (killed/live) vaccines
killed
This type of vaccination induces the antibody and CMI response typically with only one dosage
live vaccines
A danger of live vaccines is that there is a chance of _____ __ ______
reversion to virulence
True or False
live vaccines are more expensive to make than killed vaccines
False; killed vaccines are more expensive to prepare
Good vaccinations induce both _______ and _____ _____ immunity
humoral
cell mediated
Antibodies can neutralize ______ or _____; and opsonize _____ and facilitate ______
microbes
toxins
microbes
phagocytosis
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity results in killing of _____ _____ cells
antibody coated
______ activities are enhanced by antibodies
complement
Which immunoglobulin is the only T cell independent antibody?
IgM
Antibody isotopes are influences by _______ interactions with _____ and by _____
B cell
dendritic cells
cytokines
