Final; Hepatitis Virus Flashcards
Where does the hepatitis primarily infect and replicate
in hepatocytes
The virus and host response causes
liver disease
acute infections
chronic infections
How is the hepatitis virus transmitted
fecal-oral
sexual
vertical (mother–>child)
parenteral (needle sticks, etc.)
Which forms of hepatitis are found in the US
A, B, and C
Delta and E are rare
What genome does hepatitis B have
dsDNA
with RNA intermediate
What is special about the hepatitis B genome
it is the smallest genome of the human viruses
What type of virion does the hepatitis B have
enveloped
What types of proteins does the hepatitis B contain
vision assembly
cell attachment
capsid
reverse transcriptase
True or False
The hepatitis B cannot be grown in cell culture
True
This is a template for transcription in hepatitis B
cccDNA
True or False
The hepatitis B does not require liver specific transcription factors
False; it does
The hepatitis B produces many what
empty particles; present in infected people
How long is the incubation period for hepatitis B
30-180 days
How is hepatitis B spread
sexual contact and drug use
What are the symptoms of hepatitis B
malaise, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase levels
When would one recover from hepatitis B
approximately 3-4 months after the onset of jaundice
In what percentage of cases does hepatitis B manifest as a chronic disease
5%
What constitutes a chronic hepatitis B disease
presence in blood after 6 months poor IgG response sporadic episodes of hepatitis B cirrhosis of the liver increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
What is special about the hepatitis B vaccination
it was the first recombinant vaccine approved for the use in humans
it requires multiple injections
not effective against chronic infection
What are the treatments for chronic hepatitis B infection
interferon-α therapy
nucleoside analogs
The hepatitis D virus is rare in humans, but what is special about it
subviral agent
requires active HBV infection
RNA genome encodes a single protein
What type of genome does hepatitis C have
+ssRNA
What type of virion does hepatitis C have
enveloped
What proteins does hepatitis C contain
attachment and entry
core
various non-structural
Where is the genome of hepatitis C replicated
in the cytoplasm, the genome itself is the template for translation
What are the symptoms of a hepatitis C infection
milder symptoms than HBV
What percentage of hepatitis C infections become chronic and cause what
80%
extrahepatic disease
This is caused by hepatitis C and is when antibody/virus complexes deposit in other tissues eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage
mixed cryoglobulinema
What are the treatment options for hepatitis C
no vaccine
interferon-α can reduce chances of chronic infection
How does one obtain an hepatitis A infection
ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water
What is the incubation period of an hepatitis A infection
15-40 days
What are the symptoms of an hepatitis A infection
consistent with other hepatitis infections but more severe in adults than in children
When does a hepatitis A infection resolve
approximately 8 weeks post infection
What are the treatment options for hepatitis A
a vaccine is available; killed/inactivated
What does a hepatitis E infection cause
foodborne and waterborne hepatitis
similar to HAV
infection can be life threatening for pregnant women
What are the treatment options for hepatitis E
there is no vaccine, but it is under development
Which hepatitis viruses cause chronic infections
B, C, and D
