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Medical Terminology - Spurgin > Final Exam terms > Flashcards

Final Exam terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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2
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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3
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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4
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

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5
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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6
Q

endo-

A

within/ inner

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7
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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8
Q

inter-

A

between

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9
Q

intra-

A

within

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10
Q

macrotia

A 
macro- = large
-otia = ear condition

large ears

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11
Q

microtia

A 
micro- = small
-otia = ear condition

having small ears

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12
Q

tracheotomy

A 
trache/o = trachea
-otomy = cutting into

cut open through to the trachea

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13
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

sphygm/o = pulse
-manometer = instrument to
measure pressure

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14
Q

lymphedema

A 
lymph/o = lymph
-edema = swelling
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15
Q

medical record

A

entire documented details of a patient’s hospital stay

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16
Q

ancillary reports

A

reports of various treatments such as therapies, rehab, dietetics

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17
Q

diagnostic report

A

results from labs of medical images

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18
Q

pathologist report

A

report given by doctor who studies tissue removed from patient

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19
Q

ambulatory care

A

outpatients; simple surgeries, therapy, etc.

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20
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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21
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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22
Q

crur/o

A

leg

think “crural”

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23
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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24
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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25
Q

what cavities make up the ventral/dorsal cavities

A

ventral: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
dorsal: cranial and spinal

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26
Q

what organs are apart of the urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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27
Q

what is the heart incased in and why?

A 
visceral pericardium (inner)
serous fluid 
parietal pericardium (outer)

has two layers of tissue with serous fluid between in order to reduce friction of the heart as it expands and contracts

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28
Q

what is the lung incased in and why?

A 
visceral pleural (inner)
serous fluid
parietal pleural (outer)

in order to reduce friction of the lung expanding and collapsing

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29
Q

what are the 9 anatomical divisions of the body called from left to right and top to bottom?

A
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30
Q

what are the four clinical divisions of the abdomen?

A
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31
Q

in directional terms, what term is the same as inferior?

A

caudal

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32
Q

diaphor/o

A

sweating

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33
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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34
Q

ichthy/o

A

scaly, dry

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35
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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36
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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37
Q

py/o

A

pus

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38
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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39
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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40
Q

xeno-

A

foreign

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41
Q

ecchymosis

A

blood collecting under skin following blunt trauma

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42
Q

anhidrosis

A

lack of sweat

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43
Q

xeroderma

A 
xer/o = dry
-derma = skin condition
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44
Q

macule

A

flat, discolored spot on skin

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45
Q

nevus

A

pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole

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46
Q

nodule

A

firm solid mass larger than 0.5 cm

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47
Q

papule

A

small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm

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48
Q

vesicle

A

small, fluid-filled raised spot; blister

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49
Q

wheal

A

small round swollen area; allergic skin reactions

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50
Q

urticaria

A

hives; wheals with severe itching

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51
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint skin hemorrhages

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52
Q

purpura

A

hemorrhaging into skin due to fragile blood vessels

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53
Q

purulent

A

infection producing pus

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54
Q

comedo

A

blackhead

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55
Q

what do first, second, and third degree burns relate to?

A

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin

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56
Q

ichthyosis

A 
ichthy/o = scaly, dry
-osis = abnormal condition
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57
Q

impetigo

A

highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over

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58
Q

pediculosis

A 
pedicul/o = lice
-osis = abnormal condition
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59
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

skin cancer seen in AIDS patients

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60
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

frequently benign skin cancer

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61
Q

Verruca

A

warts; benign growth caused by virus

62
Q

furuncle

A

bacterial infection of hair follicle; a boil

63
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth

64
Q

osteomyelitis

A 
oste/o = bone
myel/o = bone marrow
-itis = inflammation
65
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback

66
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive anterior lumbar curvature

aka swayback

67
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune inflammation of joints

68
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital anomaly where vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

69
Q

talipes

A

congenital deformity of ankle

70
Q

think of all the names of cavities, arteries, veins, and valves within heart. Then describe the process that blood travels through the heart

A
71
Q

three layers of the heart

A

endocardium (inner)
myocardium
pericardium (outer)

72
Q

describe systole and diastole

A

systole: contraction phase (blood leaves ventricles)
diastole: relaxation phase (blood enters ventricles from atria)

73
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

74
Q

embolus

A

obstruction caused by dislodging of blood clot

75
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

initiate blood clotting process

76
Q

what makes up the majority of blood?

A

plasma

77
Q

what gives blood its red color? what is the function?

A

hemoglobin

oxygen transport

78
Q

what is the smallest element of blood?

A

platelets

79
Q

what is an antigen?

A

molecules on outer surface of cell membrane that identifies them as friend or foe

80
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

distortion of the shape of blood cells which inhibits its normal functions to carry oxygen

81
Q

where is spleen located?

A

LUQ of abdomen

82
Q

thymus is _____ in children and is ________ as adults

A

larger

smaller

83
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx and their perspective locations?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

84
Q

what is the tissue within our vocal cords that produce sound?

A

glottis

85
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis?

A

to cover the larynx and trachea when swallowing

86
Q

another name for trachea

A

windpipe

87
Q

how many lobes are in the left and right lung? Why?

A

left: 2
right: 3

our heart takes up some of the space of the left lung

88
Q

name the structures within the lungs from biggest to smallest

A

bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

89
Q

internal vs external respiration

A

internal: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream
external: external air entering lungs

90
Q

what is the structure of the entry and exit point of the bronchi within the lungs

A

hilum

91
Q

diaphragm creates ______ pressure when we inhale

A

negative

92
Q

do intercostal muscles help with forced inhalation or exhalation?

A

forced inhalation

93
Q

hypocapnia

A 
hypo- = insufficient
-capnia = carbon dioxide
94
Q

Pansinusitis

A 
pan- = all
sinus/o = sinus
-itis = inflammation

inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

95
Q

Pleurodynia

A 
pleur/o = pleura
-dynia = pain
96
Q

Pyothorax

A 
py/o = pus
-thorax = chest

pus in the chest cavity

97
Q

Thoracentesis

A 
thorac/o = chest
-centesis = puncture to withdraw fluid
98
Q

what is clubbing caused by

A

chronic oxygen deficiency

99
Q

Rhinorrhagia

A

rhin/o = nose
-rrhagia = rapid flow
condition

rapid flow of blood from the nose

100
Q

Rhinorrhea

A 
rhin/o = nose
-rrhea = discharge

runny nose

101
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

102
Q

rhonchi

A

musical sound during expiration

103
Q

Tracheostenosis

A 
trache/o = trachea
-stenosis = narrowing
104
Q

bronchiectasis

A 
bronchi/o = bronchus
-ectasis = dilation
105
Q

pneumoconiosis

A 
pneum/o = lung
coni/o = dust
-osis = abnormal condition

accumulation of dust in lungs

106
Q

anthracosis

A 
anthrac/o = coal
-osis = abnormal condition

coal dust in lungs
aka black lung

107
Q

atelectasis

A 
atel/o = incomplete
-ectasis = dilation

localized area of collapsed lung

108
Q

what are the three conditions that COPD includes? what does COPD stand for?

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

109
Q

histoplasmosis

A

hist/o = tissue

  • plasm = formation
  • osis = abnormal condition

fungal infection of lungs

110
Q

pulmonary edema

A

excessive tissue fluid accumulating in lungs

111
Q

polysomnography

A 
poly- = many
somn/o = sleep
-graphy = process of recording

monitoring patient sleeping to identify sleep apnea

112
Q

tuberculosis

A

bacterial infection in lungs

113
Q

pneumothorax

A 
pneum/o = air
-thorax = chest

collection of air in pleural cavity

114
Q

bronchoscopy

A

bronch/o = bronchus
-scopy = process of visually
examining

115
Q

spirometer

A

spir/o = breathing
-meter = instrument to
measure

116
Q

nasal cannula

A

two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen into the nose

117
Q

what are the three layers within a tooth?

A

enamel (outer covering we can see)
dentin
pulp cavity (contains blood vessels and nerves)

118
Q

peristalsis

A

Food is propelled along by wavelike muscular movements

119
Q

what kind of acid is found within the stomach to help digest food?

A

hydrochloric acid

120
Q

what is the watery mix of food and digestive juices called?

A

chyme

121
Q

three regions of the stomach

A

fundus
body
antrum

122
Q

what are the folds within the stomach lining called? what does it allow for?

A

rugae

allows stomach to stretch

123
Q

where does most nutrient absorption take place?

A

small intestine

124
Q

name the regions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

125
Q

name regions of the large intestine

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

126
Q

bolus

A

saliva + food

127
Q

amylase

A

found in saliva: breaks down carbohydrates

128
Q

Bradypepsia

A 
brady- = slow
-pepsia = digestion
129
Q

aphagia

A 
a- = without
-phagia = eat, swallow

being unable to eat or swallow

130
Q

Cholecystalgia

A 
cholecyst/o = gallbladder
-algia = pain
131
Q

Cachexia

A

Weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during a chronic disease

132
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of serous fluid; usually in abdominal cavity

133
Q

Dysphagia

A 
dys- = difficult
-phagia = eat, swallow
134
Q

Dyspepsia

A 
dys- = painful
-pepsia = digestion

upset stomach; indegestion

135
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

136
Q

Hematemesis

A 
hemat/o = blood
-emesis = vomiting
137
Q

Polyphagia

A 
poly- = many
-phagia = eat, swallow

excessive eating

138
Q

hyperemesis

A 
hyper- = excessive
-emesis = vomiting
139
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

canker sores

140
Q

sialadenitis

A 
sialaden/o = salivary gland
-itis = inflammation
141
Q

GERD?

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

acid reflux

142
Q

Pharyngoplegia

A 
pharyng/o = pharynx
-plegia = paralysis

paralysis of throat muscles

143
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of stomach through diaphragm

144
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A

ulcer in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum

145
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of bowel through abdominal muscle to groin area

146
Q

Intussusception

A

one part of intestine slips or telescopes into another section

147
Q

volvulus

A

bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction

148
Q

Hepatitis

A 
hepat/o = liver
-itis = inflammation
149
Q

cholelithiasis

A 
chol/e = bile
-lithiasis = condition of stones
150
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Overproduction of white blood cells

151
Q

Leukopenia

A

Under production of white blood cells

Medical Terminology - Spurgin (14 decks)

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