Chapter 10 Reproductive System Flashcards
what is the collective term for female external genitalia?
vulva
what are four organs that make up the internal female genitalia?
uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, and vagina
what two things does the ovaries produce?
ova and female sex hormones
where is the most common site for fertilization to occur?
fallopian (uterine) tubes
appox. how many days does it take for the ovaries to produce and release ova?
28 days
what are two other names for uterine tubes?
fallopian tubes or oviducts
what are the finger-like projections that stem off the uterine tubes?
fimbriae
what are the names of the three layers of the uterus?
endometrium (inner)
myometrium (muscle - middle)
perimetrium (outer)
what are characteristics of the endometrium?
rich blood supply
thickens to receive ovum
provides nourishment and protection to embryo
why is the myometrium layer made of muscle?
muscle assists in propelling fetus through birth
when menstruation occurs, what is sloughed off within the uterus?
endometrium sloughs off
what does the term menarche mean?
first menstural period
what is the medical term for the opening of the vagina?
vaginal orifice
what is the term that refers to the thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening?
hymen
what is the name of the gland responsible for secreting lubrication during intercourse?
Bartholin’s glands
what glands produce milk and what ducts secrete it?
lactiferous glands
lactiferous ducts
what is the duration of the period of gestation?
40 weeks
what duration of pregnancy makes for premature babies?
birth before 37 weeks
how long does the stage of embryo occur?
8 weeks
how long does the stage of fetus occur?
between week 9 and birth
what are the three stages of child birth?
dilation stage
expulsion stage
placental stage
what does an Apgar score refer to?
newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observes color, vitals, muscle tone and response to stimuli
what occurs during a breech birth?
any portion of the baby coming out before the head
what does colostrum refer to?
fluid secreted after birth before milk
difference between fraternal and identical twins in reference of during conception?
fraternal - two different ova fertilize by two sperm
identical - one single fertilized ovum becomes split into two
neonate
term for newborn baby
antepartum
ante- - before
-partum - childbirth
before childbirth
multigravida
mulit- - many
gravida - pregnant women
a woman who has been pregnant multiple times
nulligravida
nulli - none
gravida - pregnant women
woman who has never been pregnant
primigravida
primi - first
gravida - pregnant women
woman who is pregnant for the first time
primipara
primi - first
para - to bear
woman who has given birth to a live infant once
multipara
multi - many
para - to bear
woman who has given live birth to multiple children
nullipara
nulli - none
para - to bear
woman who has not given birth to live child
gynecology refers to
branch of medicine that deals with issues of the female reproductive system
neonatology refers to
branch of medicine that deals with issues involving newborns
obstetrics
refers to branch of medicine that deals with issues of women during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth
amenorrhea
a- = without men/o = menstruation -rrhea = flow
dysmenorrhea
dys- = painful men/o = menstruation -rrhea = flow
abnormal or painful menstrual flow
dystocia
dys- = abnormal, difficult -tocia = labor and childbirth
difficult labor and childbirth
Hematosalpinx
hemat/o = blood -salpinx = uterine tube
presence of blood in uterine tube
Amniorrhea
amni/o = amnion -rrhea = flow
flow of amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures
Leukorrhea
leuk/o = white -rrhea = discharge
whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
oophoritis
oophor/o = ovary -itis = inflammation
Inflammation of the ovary
Pyosalpinx
py/o = pus -salpinx = uterine tube
Presence of pus in a uterine tube
Salpingitis
salping/o = uterine tube -itis = inflammation
Inflammation of a uterine tube
is endometrial cancer malignant?
it is a malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus
what are fibroid tumors? are they malignant?
benign fibrous tumors in the uterus
what does the term cystocele refer to?
bladder pressing backwards on vaginal wall
what does the term rectocele refer to?
rectum pressing forward on vaginal wall
what is fibrocystic breast disease and is it malignant?
fibrous tumors within the breast. They have no association with cancer
what occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?
occurs when mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ and mother’s antibodies attack baby’s blood
abruptio placentae
placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery
placenta previa
placenta forms low in uterus overlying opening to cervix
pseudocyesis
pseudo- = false -cyesis = pregnancy
amniocentesis
amni/o = amnion -centesis = puncture to withdraw fluid
where is the epididymis located?
superior to each testes
Spermatogenesis refers to.. and where does it occur?
process that produces sperm
within the seminiferous tubules of testes
what is the function of the epididymis within the testes?
it is the location for sperm maturation and storage
releases sperm into vas deferens
another name for foreskin?
prepuce
what is the name for the tip of the penis?
glans penis
what is the function of the vas deferens?
carries sperm from epididymis and empties into urethra
what is the function of the seminal vesicles?
secrete fluid to nourish sperm (semen)
what is the job of the prostate gland?
neutralize pH of urethra and vagina (critical for sperm survival)
benign prostatic hyperplasia is a term to describe ____?
enlarged prostate gland
another name for bulbourethral gland? its job?
Cowper’s glands
secrete mucus-like lubricating fluid
cryptorchidism
crypt/o = hidden orchid/o = testes -ism = state of
Failure of the testes to descend into scrotal sac before
birth
hydrocele
hydr/o = water -cele = protrusion
Accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the
spermatic cord
testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord
varicocele
varic/o = dilated vein -cele = protrusion
varicose veins of the spermatic cord
Epididymitis
epididym/o = epididymis -itis = inflammation
Prostatitis
prostat/o = prostate gland -itis = inflammation
epispadias
epi- = above
Congenital opening of the urethra on dorsal surface of
the penis
hypospadias
hypo- = below
Congenital opening of male urethra on underside of the
penis
phimosis
narrowing of prepuce (foreskin); constricts glans penis
priapism
persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation
chlamydia is a ______ infection
bacterial
genital herpes is a _____ infection
viral
syphilis is a ____ _______ infection
chronic bacterial infection
gonorrhea is a bacterial infection of ______ ________
mucous membrane of male and females
chancroid is an _____
ulcer
explain the path that sperm take from testes to ejaculation
sperm is manufactured in the testes, is stored in the epididymis, travels up the vas deferens, mixes with seminal vesicle’s secretion to create semen, then bulbourethral gland adds additional fluids to the semen, ejaculation through urethra, and out the urethral meatus
cervic/o-
cervix/ neck
colp/o-
vagina
episi/o-
vulva
metr/o-
uterus
o/o-
egg
oophor/o-
ovary
ov/o-, ov/i-
ovum
salping/o-
fallopian tubes
andr/o-
male
balan/o-
glans penis
crypt/o-
hidden
