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Medical Terminology - Spurgin > Chapter 10 Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the collective term for female external genitalia?

A

vulva

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2
Q

what are four organs that make up the internal female genitalia?

A

uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, and vagina

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3
Q

what two things does the ovaries produce?

A

ova and female sex hormones

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4
Q

where is the most common site for fertilization to occur?

A

fallopian (uterine) tubes

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5
Q

appox. how many days does it take for the ovaries to produce and release ova?

A

28 days

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6
Q

what are two other names for uterine tubes?

A

fallopian tubes or oviducts

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7
Q

what are the finger-like projections that stem off the uterine tubes?

A

fimbriae

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8
Q

what are the names of the three layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium (inner)
myometrium (muscle - middle)
perimetrium (outer)

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9
Q

what are characteristics of the endometrium?

A

rich blood supply
thickens to receive ovum
provides nourishment and protection to embryo

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10
Q

why is the myometrium layer made of muscle?

A

muscle assists in propelling fetus through birth

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11
Q

when menstruation occurs, what is sloughed off within the uterus?

A

endometrium sloughs off

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12
Q

what does the term menarche mean?

A

first menstural period

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13
Q

what is the medical term for the opening of the vagina?

A

vaginal orifice

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14
Q

what is the term that refers to the thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening?

A

hymen

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15
Q

what is the name of the gland responsible for secreting lubrication during intercourse?

A

Bartholin’s glands

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16
Q

what glands produce milk and what ducts secrete it?

A

lactiferous glands

lactiferous ducts

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17
Q

what is the duration of the period of gestation?

A

40 weeks

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18
Q

what duration of pregnancy makes for premature babies?

A

birth before 37 weeks

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19
Q

how long does the stage of embryo occur?

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

how long does the stage of fetus occur?

A

between week 9 and birth

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21
Q

what are the three stages of child birth?

A

dilation stage
expulsion stage
placental stage

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22
Q

what does an Apgar score refer to?

A

newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observes color, vitals, muscle tone and response to stimuli

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23
Q

what occurs during a breech birth?

A

any portion of the baby coming out before the head

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24
Q

what does colostrum refer to?

A

fluid secreted after birth before milk

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25
Q

difference between fraternal and identical twins in reference of during conception?

A

fraternal - two different ova fertilize by two sperm

identical - one single fertilized ovum becomes split into two

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26
Q

neonate

A

term for newborn baby

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27
Q

antepartum

A

ante- - before
-partum - childbirth

before childbirth

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28
Q

multigravida

A

mulit- - many
gravida - pregnant women

a woman who has been pregnant multiple times

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29
Q

nulligravida

A

nulli - none
gravida - pregnant women

woman who has never been pregnant

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30
Q

primigravida

A

primi - first
gravida - pregnant women

woman who is pregnant for the first time

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31
Q

primipara

A

primi - first
para - to bear

woman who has given birth to a live infant once

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32
Q

multipara

A

multi - many
para - to bear

woman who has given live birth to multiple children

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33
Q

nullipara

A

nulli - none
para - to bear

woman who has not given birth to live child

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34
Q

gynecology refers to

A

branch of medicine that deals with issues of the female reproductive system

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35
Q

neonatology refers to

A

branch of medicine that deals with issues involving newborns

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36
Q

obstetrics

A

refers to branch of medicine that deals with issues of women during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth

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37
Q

amenorrhea

A 
a- = without
men/o = menstruation
-rrhea = flow
38
Q

dysmenorrhea

A 
dys- = painful
men/o = menstruation
-rrhea = flow

abnormal or painful menstrual flow

39
Q

dystocia

A 
dys- = abnormal, difficult
-tocia = labor and childbirth

difficult labor and childbirth

40
Q

Hematosalpinx

A 
hemat/o = blood
-salpinx = uterine tube

presence of blood in uterine tube

41
Q

Amniorrhea

A 
amni/o = amnion
-rrhea = flow

flow of amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures

42
Q

Leukorrhea

A 
leuk/o = white
-rrhea = discharge

whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge

43
Q

oophoritis

A 
oophor/o = ovary
-itis = inflammation

Inflammation of the ovary

44
Q

Pyosalpinx

A 
py/o = pus
-salpinx = uterine tube

Presence of pus in a uterine tube

45
Q

Salpingitis

A 
salping/o = uterine tube
-itis = inflammation

Inflammation of a uterine tube

46
Q

is endometrial cancer malignant?

A

it is a malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus

47
Q

what are fibroid tumors? are they malignant?

A

benign fibrous tumors in the uterus

48
Q

what does the term cystocele refer to?

A

bladder pressing backwards on vaginal wall

49
Q

what does the term rectocele refer to?

A

rectum pressing forward on vaginal wall

50
Q

what is fibrocystic breast disease and is it malignant?

A

fibrous tumors within the breast. They have no association with cancer

51
Q

what occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

occurs when mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ and mother’s antibodies attack baby’s blood

52
Q

abruptio placentae

A

placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery

53
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta forms low in uterus overlying opening to cervix

54
Q

pseudocyesis

A 
pseudo- = false
-cyesis = pregnancy
55
Q

amniocentesis

A 
amni/o = amnion
-centesis = puncture to withdraw fluid
56
Q

where is the epididymis located?

A

superior to each testes

57
Q

Spermatogenesis refers to.. and where does it occur?

A

process that produces sperm

within the seminiferous tubules of testes

58
Q

what is the function of the epididymis within the testes?

A

it is the location for sperm maturation and storage

releases sperm into vas deferens

59
Q

another name for foreskin?

A

prepuce

60
Q

what is the name for the tip of the penis?

A

glans penis

61
Q

what is the function of the vas deferens?

A

carries sperm from epididymis and empties into urethra

62
Q

what is the function of the seminal vesicles?

A

secrete fluid to nourish sperm (semen)

63
Q

what is the job of the prostate gland?

A

neutralize pH of urethra and vagina (critical for sperm survival)

64
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia is a term to describe ____?

A

enlarged prostate gland

65
Q

another name for bulbourethral gland? its job?

A

Cowper’s glands

secrete mucus-like lubricating fluid

66
Q

cryptorchidism

A 
crypt/o = hidden
orchid/o = testes
-ism = state of

Failure of the testes to descend into scrotal sac before
birth

67
Q

hydrocele

A 
hydr/o = water
-cele = protrusion

Accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the
spermatic cord

68
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of spermatic cord

69
Q

varicocele

A 
varic/o = dilated vein
-cele = protrusion

varicose veins of the spermatic cord

70
Q

Epididymitis

A 
epididym/o = epididymis
-itis = inflammation
71
Q

Prostatitis

A 
prostat/o = prostate gland
-itis = inflammation
72
Q

epispadias

A

epi- = above

Congenital opening of the urethra on dorsal surface of
the penis

73
Q

hypospadias

A

hypo- = below

Congenital opening of male urethra on underside of the
penis

74
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing of prepuce (foreskin); constricts glans penis

75
Q

priapism

A

persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation

76
Q

chlamydia is a ______ infection

A

bacterial

77
Q

genital herpes is a _____ infection

A

viral

78
Q

syphilis is a ____ _______ infection

A

chronic bacterial infection

79
Q

gonorrhea is a bacterial infection of ______ ________

A

mucous membrane of male and females

80
Q

chancroid is an _____

A

ulcer

81
Q

explain the path that sperm take from testes to ejaculation

A

sperm is manufactured in the testes, is stored in the epididymis, travels up the vas deferens, mixes with seminal vesicle’s secretion to create semen, then bulbourethral gland adds additional fluids to the semen, ejaculation through urethra, and out the urethral meatus

82
Q

cervic/o-

A

cervix/ neck

83
Q

colp/o-

A

vagina

84
Q

episi/o-

A

vulva

85
Q

metr/o-

A

uterus

86
Q

o/o-

A

egg

87
Q

oophor/o-

A

ovary

88
Q

ov/o-, ov/i-

A

ovum

89
Q

salping/o-

A

fallopian tubes

90
Q

andr/o-

A

male

91
Q

balan/o-

A

glans penis

92
Q

crypt/o-

A

hidden

Medical Terminology - Spurgin (14 decks)

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