Chapter 7 Concepts and terms Flashcards
describe ventilation, inhalation, and exhalation
ventilation: flow of air between outside environments and lungs
inhalation: flow of air into lungs; brings oxygen into air sacs
exhalation: flow of air out of lungs; removing carbon dioxide from air sacs
difference between external respiration and internal respiration?
external respiration: takes place inside the body; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with air from outside the body
internal respiration: takes place inside the body; consists of oxygen exchange within the cells
another name for pharynx?
throat
what is the function of mucous membrane found in our nasal cavity and throat?
traps dust, warms and moistens air
what is responsible for the sound resonance in our head? (not larynx)
paranasal sinuses (echo chamber)
three regions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
what is responsible for allowing equalization of pressure in the ear?
eustachian or auditory tube
another name for larynx?
voice box
what makes up our vocal cords?
air passing through glottis in our larynx
what is the epiglottis’s function?
covers larynx and trachea during swallowing so no food goes down the “wrong pipe”
another name for trachea?
windpipe
describe what makes up the bronchial tubes?
primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
when alveoli expand and fill with oxygen, is this considered external or internal respiration and why?
external respiration because it is processing air taken directly from outside the body
what surrounds the alveoli in order to exchange oxygen to blood?
pulmonary capillaries
how many lobes does the right and left lung have and why?
right: 3
left: 2
because the heart takes up some of the size of the left lung
Written question: Describe how lungs are protected in comparison to other organs that expand
lungs are protected by a double serous membrane called pleura. Pleura is made up of visceral pleura which rests right up against the lung, and a parietal pleura which rests outside the visceral pleura and is separated by serous fluid. these membranes assist with the expansion of the organ, in this case the lung, in order to prevent friction
where is the apex of the lung?
the superior tip
what is the entry and exit point of the lungs called?
hilum
what assists the ribs and lungs during forceful inhalation?
intercostal muscles between the ribs
does negative or positive pressure occur during inhalation?
diaphragm creates negative pressure of the lungs
when CO2 levels are high in the blood… ?
we breathe more
otorhinolaryngology…
branch of medicine diagnosing conditions of ear, nose and throat
define hypocapnia
hypo: insufficient
capnia: carbon dioxide
too little carbon dioxide in the body
pansinusitis
pan: all
sinus/o: sinus
-itis: inflammation
Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
pyothroax
pyo: pus
- thorax: chest
pus in the chest cavity
rhinitis
rhin/o: nose
-itis: inflammation
inflammation of the nasal cavity
pleurodynia
pleuro: pleura
dynia: pain
pleura pain
clubbing
widening and thickening of fingers due to chronic oxygen deficiency
rhinorrhagia
rhino: nose
rrhagia: rapid flow
rapid flow of blood from nose
rhinorrhea
rhino: nose
rrhea: discharge
fluid discharge from nose; runny nose
another name for epistaxis
nose bleed
thoracalgia
thorac/o: chest
-algia: pain
chest pain
tracheostenosis
trache/o: trachea
-stenosis: narrowing
narrowing of the trachea
nasopharyngitis
naso-: nose
- pharyngo: pharynx
- itis: inflammation
inflammation of the nose and pharynx; common cold
pharyngitis
pharyngo: pharynx
- itis: inflammation
inflammation of pharynx; sore throat
rhinomycosis
rhino: nose
myc/o: fungus
-osis: abnormal condition
fungal infection of the nasal cavity
bronchiectasis
enlarged bronchi due to destruction of bronchial walls
pneumoconiosis
pneum/o: lungs
coni/o: dust
osis: abnormal condition
condition of having dust in lungs
anthracosis
anthrac/o: coal
-osis: abnormal condition
condition of having coat dust in the lungs
atelectasis
portion of lung collapses
what forms of COPD can you get from smoking and what is another form of COPD you don’t get from smoking
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
asthma
what is destroyed in someone with the condition of emphysema
alveolar walls (balloons don’t deflate)
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulated in lungs
tuberculosis
bacterial infection in lungs; results in calcification of lungs
pneumothroax
air in chest; may result in collapsed lung
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen levels
spirometer
instrument used to measure lung capacity
nasal cannula
two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen through nose
