Chapter 7 Concepts and terms

Question 1

describe ventilation, inhalation, and exhalation

Answer 1

ventilation: flow of air between outside environments and lungs
inhalation: flow of air into lungs; brings oxygen into air sacs
exhalation: flow of air out of lungs; removing carbon dioxide from air sacs

Question 2

difference between external respiration and internal respiration?

Answer 2

external respiration: takes place inside the body; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with air from outside the body
internal respiration: takes place inside the body; consists of oxygen exchange within the cells

Question 3

another name for pharynx?

Answer 3

throat

Question 4

what is the function of mucous membrane found in our nasal cavity and throat?

Answer 4

traps dust, warms and moistens air

Question 5

what is responsible for the sound resonance in our head? (not larynx)

Answer 5

paranasal sinuses (echo chamber)

Question 6

three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 6

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 7

what is responsible for allowing equalization of pressure in the ear?

Answer 7

eustachian or auditory tube

Question 8

another name for larynx?

Answer 8

voice box

Question 9

what makes up our vocal cords?

Answer 9

air passing through glottis in our larynx

Question 10

what is the epiglottis’s function?

Answer 10

covers larynx and trachea during swallowing so no food goes down the “wrong pipe”

Question 11

another name for trachea?

Answer 11

windpipe

Question 12

describe what makes up the bronchial tubes?

Answer 12

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Question 13

when alveoli expand and fill with oxygen, is this considered external or internal respiration and why?

Answer 13

external respiration because it is processing air taken directly from outside the body

Question 14

what surrounds the alveoli in order to exchange oxygen to blood?

Answer 14

pulmonary capillaries

Question 15

how many lobes does the right and left lung have and why?

Answer 15

right: 3
left: 2
because the heart takes up some of the size of the left lung

Question 16

Written question: Describe how lungs are protected in comparison to other organs that expand

Answer 16

lungs are protected by a double serous membrane called pleura. Pleura is made up of visceral pleura which rests right up against the lung, and a parietal pleura which rests outside the visceral pleura and is separated by serous fluid. these membranes assist with the expansion of the organ, in this case the lung, in order to prevent friction

Question 17

where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 17

the superior tip

Question 18

what is the entry and exit point of the lungs called?

Answer 18

hilum

Question 19

what assists the ribs and lungs during forceful inhalation?

Answer 19

intercostal muscles between the ribs

Question 20

does negative or positive pressure occur during inhalation?

Answer 20

diaphragm creates negative pressure of the lungs

Question 21

when CO2 levels are high in the blood… ?

Answer 21

we breathe more

Question 22

otorhinolaryngology…

Answer 22

branch of medicine diagnosing conditions of ear, nose and throat

Question 23

define hypocapnia

Answer 23

hypo: insufficient
capnia: carbon dioxide

too little carbon dioxide in the body

Question 24

pansinusitis

Answer 24

pan: all
sinus/o: sinus
-itis: inflammation

Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

Question 25

pyothroax

Answer 25

pyo: pus
- thorax: chest

pus in the chest cavity

Question 26

rhinitis

Answer 26

rhin/o: nose
-itis: inflammation

inflammation of the nasal cavity

Question 27

pleurodynia

Answer 27

pleuro: pleura
dynia: pain

pleura pain

Question 28

clubbing

Answer 28

widening and thickening of fingers due to chronic oxygen deficiency

Question 29

rhinorrhagia

Answer 29

rhino: nose
rrhagia: rapid flow

rapid flow of blood from nose

Question 30

rhinorrhea

Answer 30

rhino: nose
rrhea: discharge

fluid discharge from nose; runny nose

Question 31

another name for epistaxis

Answer 31

nose bleed

Question 32

thoracalgia

Answer 32

thorac/o: chest
-algia: pain

chest pain

Question 33

tracheostenosis

Answer 33

trache/o: trachea
-stenosis: narrowing

narrowing of the trachea

Question 34

nasopharyngitis

Answer 34

naso-: nose

• pharyngo: pharynx
• itis: inflammation

inflammation of the nose and pharynx; common cold

Question 35

pharyngitis

Answer 35

pharyngo: pharynx
- itis: inflammation

inflammation of pharynx; sore throat

Question 36

rhinomycosis

Answer 36

rhino: nose
myc/o: fungus
-osis: abnormal condition

fungal infection of the nasal cavity

Question 37

bronchiectasis

Answer 37

enlarged bronchi due to destruction of bronchial walls

Question 38

pneumoconiosis

Answer 38

pneum/o: lungs
coni/o: dust
osis: abnormal condition

condition of having dust in lungs

Question 39

anthracosis

Answer 39

anthrac/o: coal
-osis: abnormal condition

condition of having coat dust in the lungs

Question 40

atelectasis

Answer 40

portion of lung collapses

Question 41

what forms of COPD can you get from smoking and what is another form of COPD you don’t get from smoking

Answer 41

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

asthma

Question 42

what is destroyed in someone with the condition of emphysema

Answer 42

alveolar walls (balloons don’t deflate)

Question 43

pulmonary edema

Answer 43

fluid accumulated in lungs

Question 44

tuberculosis

Answer 44

bacterial infection in lungs; results in calcification of lungs

Question 45

pneumothroax

Answer 45

air in chest; may result in collapsed lung

Question 46

oximeter

Answer 46

instrument used to measure oxygen levels

Question 47

spirometer

Answer 47

instrument used to measure lung capacity

Question 48

nasal cannula

Answer 48

two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen through nose