Chapter 5 Concepts and Terms Flashcards
angi/o (angial)
vessel
ather/o (atheroma)
fatty substance
isch/o (ischemic)
to hold back
phleb/o (phlebitis) (phlebotomist)
vein
sphygm/o (sphygmomanometer)
pulse
what is another name for cardiovascular system?
circulatory system
what two categories is the cardiovascular system divided into?
pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
what are the differences between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to lungs in order to oxygenate
systemic circulation brings oxygenated blood to rest of the body and then back to heart
what side of the mediastinum does the heart sit mostly at?
left side
where is the apex of the heart?
the tip at the bottom of the heart
what is the average pulse?
60-100 bpm
what are the three layers of the heart called? and what are their functions?
endocardium - inner layer, reduces friction as blood passes through chambers
myocardium - thick muscle middle layer; contracts to pump out blood
epicardium - outer layer; is considered pericardium which is the visceral pericardium and is surrounded by the parietal pericardium
Written answer question: Compare pericardium to other similar structures in the body
Organs that need to expand and contract need something called a serous membrane which consists of a visceral layer and a parietal layer of tissue. These two layers of tissue are separated with fluid between them and these tissues work to reduce friction produced when the organ expands.
what is the wall of tissue that separates the two atria called?
interatrial septum
what is the wall of tissue that separates the two ventricles called?
interventricular septum
the myocardium around which chamber of heart is thicker and why?
left ventricle because it pumps blood to the entire body
what are the two main arteries of the heart called and where do they pump blood to?
aorta pumps blood to entire body
pulmonary artery pumps blood to lungs
what are the veins that return blood from body (including lungs) called and where does the blood come from in each?
superior vena cava: from upper body
inferior vena cava: from lower body
pulmonary veins: from lungs
what side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?
right side
what chamber does the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava dump into?
right atrium
what chamber of the heart does the pulmonary veins dump into?
left atrium
another name for tricuspid valve and where is it located?
atrioventricular valve; between right atrium and right ventricle
another name for mitral valve and where is it located?
bicuspid valve and atrioventricular valve; left atrium and left ventricle
what type of valve is the pulmonary valve and where is it located?
semilunar; right ventricle and pulmonary artery
what type of valve is the aortic valve and where is it located?
semilunar valve; left ventricle and aorta
Describe the flow of blood through the heart
deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from two large veins, superior and inferior vena cava.
right atrium contracts and blood pours into right ventricle through tricuspid valve.
right ventricle contracts and blood exits the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs to become oxygenated
oxygenated blood reenters the heart through the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium
left atrium contracts and blood is poured past the mitral valve into the left ventricle
left ventricle contracts and blood is pumped past the aortic valve, through the aorta and is carried all throughout the body
what is the relaxed and contraction phase of the heart called?
diastole: relaxed
systole: contract
where does the electrical impulses of the heart begin and what does it cause the heart to do?
SA node; causes the atria to contract
what does the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent?
P wave: contraction of atria
QRS complex: contraction of ventricles
T wave: prep for next complexes
what are the smallest of arteries called?
arterioles
what type of vessels transport blood from arteries to veins and vice versa?
capillary bed
what else does the capillary bed allow to exchange besides blood?
oxygen, nutrients, waste products, carbon dioxide
what is the reason we are able to still maintain blood flow even when pressure is applied, let’s say to the neck?
blood flow can still get passed due to the branching system found inside the capillary bed
what do veins possess that allow for blood to flow only in one direction towards the heart?
valves
what is the name for the smallest types of veins?
venules
what is it that pushes blood flow up to the heart?
skeletal muscle contractions
define atherosclerosis
ather/o: fatty substance
sclerosis: hardening
fatty plaques form in arterial wall
define myocardial infarction and what causes it
death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen supply
difference between embolus and thrombus
thrombus is a blood clot within a blood vessel and an embolus is when a vessel becomes blocked with a dislodged blood clot
define aneurysm
localized widening of an artery due to weakness of its walls
define cardiomegaly
cardi/o: heart
megaly: enlarged
an enlarged heart
define endocarditis
endo: inner
cardi/o: heart
-itis: inflammation
inflammation of inner heart
