Chapter 5 Concepts and Terms

Question 1

angi/o (angial)

Answer 1

vessel

Question 2

ather/o (atheroma)

Answer 2

fatty substance

Question 3

isch/o (ischemic)

Answer 3

to hold back

Question 4

phleb/o (phlebitis) (phlebotomist)

Answer 4

vein

Question 5

sphygm/o (sphygmomanometer)

Answer 5

pulse

Question 6

what is another name for cardiovascular system?

Answer 6

circulatory system

Question 7

what two categories is the cardiovascular system divided into?

Answer 7

pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Question 8

what are the differences between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Answer 8

pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to lungs in order to oxygenate
systemic circulation brings oxygenated blood to rest of the body and then back to heart

Question 9

what side of the mediastinum does the heart sit mostly at?

Answer 9

left side

Question 10

where is the apex of the heart?

Answer 10

the tip at the bottom of the heart

Question 11

what is the average pulse?

Answer 11

60-100 bpm

Question 12

what are the three layers of the heart called? and what are their functions?

Answer 12

endocardium - inner layer, reduces friction as blood passes through chambers
myocardium - thick muscle middle layer; contracts to pump out blood
epicardium - outer layer; is considered pericardium which is the visceral pericardium and is surrounded by the parietal pericardium

Question 13

Written answer question: Compare pericardium to other similar structures in the body

Answer 13

Organs that need to expand and contract need something called a serous membrane which consists of a visceral layer and a parietal layer of tissue. These two layers of tissue are separated with fluid between them and these tissues work to reduce friction produced when the organ expands.

Question 14

what is the wall of tissue that separates the two atria called?

Answer 14

interatrial septum

Question 15

what is the wall of tissue that separates the two ventricles called?

Answer 15

interventricular septum

Question 16

the myocardium around which chamber of heart is thicker and why?

Answer 16

left ventricle because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 17

what are the two main arteries of the heart called and where do they pump blood to?

Answer 17

aorta pumps blood to entire body

pulmonary artery pumps blood to lungs

Question 18

what are the veins that return blood from body (including lungs) called and where does the blood come from in each?

Answer 18

superior vena cava: from upper body
inferior vena cava: from lower body
pulmonary veins: from lungs

Question 19

what side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

right side

Question 20

what chamber does the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava dump into?

Answer 20

right atrium

Question 21

what chamber of the heart does the pulmonary veins dump into?

Answer 21

left atrium

Question 22

another name for tricuspid valve and where is it located?

Answer 22

atrioventricular valve; between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 23

another name for mitral valve and where is it located?

Answer 23

bicuspid valve and atrioventricular valve; left atrium and left ventricle

Question 24

what type of valve is the pulmonary valve and where is it located?

Answer 24

semilunar; right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 25

what type of valve is the aortic valve and where is it located?

Answer 25

semilunar valve; left ventricle and aorta

Question 26

Describe the flow of blood through the heart

Answer 26

deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from two large veins, superior and inferior vena cava.
right atrium contracts and blood pours into right ventricle through tricuspid valve.
right ventricle contracts and blood exits the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs to become oxygenated
oxygenated blood reenters the heart through the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium
left atrium contracts and blood is poured past the mitral valve into the left ventricle
left ventricle contracts and blood is pumped past the aortic valve, through the aorta and is carried all throughout the body

Question 27

what is the relaxed and contraction phase of the heart called?

Answer 27

diastole: relaxed
systole: contract

Question 28

where does the electrical impulses of the heart begin and what does it cause the heart to do?

Answer 28

SA node; causes the atria to contract

Question 29

what does the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent?

Answer 29

P wave: contraction of atria
QRS complex: contraction of ventricles
T wave: prep for next complexes

Question 30

what are the smallest of arteries called?

Answer 30

arterioles

Question 31

what type of vessels transport blood from arteries to veins and vice versa?

Answer 31

capillary bed

Question 32

what else does the capillary bed allow to exchange besides blood?

Answer 32

oxygen, nutrients, waste products, carbon dioxide

Question 33

what is the reason we are able to still maintain blood flow even when pressure is applied, let’s say to the neck?

Answer 33

blood flow can still get passed due to the branching system found inside the capillary bed

Question 34

what do veins possess that allow for blood to flow only in one direction towards the heart?

Answer 34

valves

Question 35

what is the name for the smallest types of veins?

Answer 35

venules

Question 36

what is it that pushes blood flow up to the heart?

Answer 36

skeletal muscle contractions

Question 37

define atherosclerosis

Answer 37

ather/o: fatty substance
sclerosis: hardening

fatty plaques form in arterial wall

Question 38

define myocardial infarction and what causes it

Answer 38

death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen supply

Question 39

difference between embolus and thrombus

Answer 39

thrombus is a blood clot within a blood vessel and an embolus is when a vessel becomes blocked with a dislodged blood clot

Question 40

define aneurysm

Answer 40

localized widening of an artery due to weakness of its walls

Question 41

define cardiomegaly

Answer 41

cardi/o: heart
megaly: enlarged

an enlarged heart

Question 42

define endocarditis

Answer 42

endo: inner
cardi/o: heart
-itis: inflammation

inflammation of inner heart