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Neuropsychology 343 > Final Exam - Section 3 (11/22/16) > Flashcards

Final Exam - Section 3 (11/22/16) Flashcards

1
Q

Attention-
Automatic processes -

bottom-up process - stimulated by stimuli in the _________

A

environment

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2
Q

Behaviors that are NOT automatic require _________ attention

A

focused

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3
Q

Behaviors that are not automatic require focused attention

  • _________ process
A

Top-down

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4
Q

Automated attention - _________ process

A

Bottom-up

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5
Q

Focused attention - _________ Process

A

Top-down

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6
Q

_________ top-down focused attention

A

conscious

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7
Q

_________ - looking at a picture for the missing feature - focused

A

Conjunction search

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8
Q

Conscious / Focused attention-

Conjunction search -
_________ to detect features of stimuli

A

Serial process (serial search)

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9
Q

Attention-

If each feature of a stimulus (form, color, movement etc.) is processed in separate parts of the _________ lobes

A

occipital

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10
Q

Attention-

Some features are _________ significant (demand more attention) and are detected _________

A
  • biologically

- faster

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11
Q

biological Attention-

amygdala responsive to _________ stimuli

A

fear

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12
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Measures of neural activity suggest that _________ attention depends on neurons in visual fields higher than V1 (e.g., V4)

A

-selective

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13
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Measures of _________ activity suggest that selective attention depends on neurons in visual fields _________ than V1 (e.g., V4)

A
  • neural

- higher

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14
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

_________ attention -

  • Can only process so much information at a time
  • Can only pay attention to one task at any moment
A

Divided

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15
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

  • Can only process so much _________ at a time
  • Can only pay attention to _________ task at any moment
A
  • information

- one

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16
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

Multitasking _________ performance

  • -Attention to some stimuli decreases (e.g., cell phone and driving)
  • -Routine tasks demand little attention
  • -More complex tasks demand more attention
A

decreases

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17
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

Multitasking decreases performance

  • -Attention to some stimuli _________ (e.g., cell phone and driving)
  • -Routine tasks demand _________ attention
  • -More complex tasks demand _________ attention
A
  • decreases
  • little
  • more
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18
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

_________ – multiple objects or visual, auditory, and somatic information being perceived at the same time

A

Competing stimuli

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19
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli – multiple objects or _________, auditory, and _________ information being perceived at the same time

A
  • visual

- somatic

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20
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli – multiple objects or visual, _________, and somatic information being perceived at the _________ time

A
  • auditory

- same

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21
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:
Competing stimuli –

  • Serial selection and processing of _________
  • Visual stimuli get _________ attention than auditory unless specifically directed to pay attention to _________ stimuli
A
  • objects
  • more
  • auditory
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22
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli –

_________ dorsolateral _________ cortex involved in processing multiple stimuli at the same time

A
  • Left

- prefrontal

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23
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli –

Left _________ prefrontal cortex involved in processing _________ stimuli at the same time

A
  • dorsolateral

- multiple

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24
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

  • _________ attention on one stimulus
  • _________ attention – moving from one stimulus to another
A
  • Fixed

- Shifting

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25
Q

Shifting attention activates _________ lobes

A

parietal

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26
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

If stimuli in left visual field, _________ parietal lobe activated

A

-right

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27
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

If stimuli in right visual field, _________ parietal lobe active

A

left AND right

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28
Q

right parietal lobe damage affects attention to _________ side of body or environment – hemineglect

A

-left

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29
Q

right parietal lobe damage affects attention to left side of body or environment – _________

A

hemineglect

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30
Q

If right parietal lobe damaged, attention to _________ visual field lost – left visual field only in _________ lobe

A
  • left

- right

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31
Q

Right visual field in both lobes so damage to left, no _________

A

deficit

32
Q

Hemineglect-

Shift attention to left side using _________ that shifted visual field to _________

A
  • prisms

- right

33
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Different neural pathways activated with different _________ tasks but depends on type of _________

A
  • attention

- stimulus

34
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Visual stimuli-

Anterior cingulate and prefrontal areas – all _________ tasks

A

-visual

35
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Visual stimuli-

_________ – attention to location of visual stimuli

A

Parietal cortex

36
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Visual stimuli-

_________ – color and form vision (ventral stream)

A

Occipitotemporal

37
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Visual stimuli-

_________ -
Somatosensory areas and posterior parietal cortex

A

Tactile stimuli

38
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Visual stimuli-

Tactile stimuli-
Somatosensory areas and _________ cortex

A

posterior parietal

39
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Posner and _________ propose two attention systems

A

Raichle

40
Q

-WHO-

_________

Posterior and Anterior cortical attention system

A

Posner and Raichle

41
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Posterior cortical attention system
_________ cortex

A

Posterior parietal

42
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Posterior cortical attention system-

  • Posterior parietal cortex
  • -Disengage, engage, or move _________
A

attention

43
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

_________ cortex
Attention to features of objects

A

Posterior temporal

44
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Posterior temporal cortex

  • Attention to features of objects
  • -Damage causes _________
A

agnosias

45
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Anterior cortical attention system
- _________ lobes

A

Frontal

46
Q

Anterior cortical attention system
-Frontal lobes

_________ attention systems

A

Programs

47
Q

Anterior cortical attention system
-Frontal lobes

  • Programs attention systems
  • -Sends input to _________ attention system and _________ posterior attention system
A
  • posterior

- activates

48
Q

Damage to anterior attention system – cannot select _________ stimuli to attend to so overwhelmed by _________ (e.g., schizophrenia)

A
  • specific

- input

49
Q

Damage to anterior attention system – cannot select specific stimuli to attend to so overwhelmed by input (e.g., _________ )

A

schizophrenia

50
Q

How do we pay attention?

Hypothesis – Activity in a population of neurons involved in processing stimuli becomes _________ when attending to stimulus

A

synchronized

51
Q

How do we pay attention?

More likely to cause action potential in all postsynaptic neurons receiving _________ input

A

synchronous

52
Q

Inattention:

Visual attention-

_________ -
– do not notice something when performing another task
Gorilla video

A

Inattentional blindness

53
Q

_________ trumps _________

A
  • Visual

- Auditory

54
Q

Inattention:

Visual attention-

_________ -
Failure to detect changes in scene when not expecting changes

A

Change blindness

55
Q

Inattention:

Visual attention-

_________ -
Fail to detect second stimuli if presented close to first stimulus (500 ms)

A

Attentional blink

56
Q

Inattention:

Visual attention-

_________ -

  • If told to ignore first stimulus, can detect second
  • Limitation of visual system
A

Attentional blink

57
Q

Inattention:

Visual attention-

_________ -
One person swapped out for another

A

Change blindness

58
Q

Visual attention-

Inattentional blindness, change blindness, attentional blink

Information doesn’t reach _________ even though stimuli are processed by the _________

A
  • consciousness

- brain

59
Q

Visual attention-

Inattentional blindness, change blindness, attentional blink

Damage to this system – _________ neglect

A

-sensory

60
Q

_________ -

Central representations or images

A

Mental images

61
Q

Mental images-

_________ – initiating a movement leaves a record of that movement

A

Reafference theory (corollary discharge)

62
Q

Reafference theory (_________)

A

-corollary discharge

63
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) -

As movement occurs, if there are differences between actual movement and neural record of the movement, movement can be _________ next time the movement occurs

A

adjusted

64
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – initiating a movement leaves a _________ of that movement

A

record

65
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) –

Mentally rehearsing movement takes _________ amount of time and number of steps as the actual movement – suggests same _________ as in actual movement

A
  • same

- processing

66
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) –

Scans during imagined movements – _________ active in frontal lobes during real and imagined movements

A

premotor cortex

67
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) –

Scans during imagined movements – premotor cortex active in frontal lobes during real and _________ movements

A

imagined

68
Q

Reafference theory (corollary discharge) –

premotor cortex - Same area _________ in real and imagined movements

A

involved

69
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

-Evidence that mental images originate from _________ levels of visual systems (temporal and parietal regions)

A

higher

70
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

-Evidence that mental images originate from higher levels of visual systems (temporal and _________ regions)

A

-parietal

71
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

mental images originate from higher levels of visual systems

-Then activate lower visual centers in _________ lobe

A

occipital

72
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

_________ – same neural activity when see another person making a movement as if you are making movement

A

Mirror neurons

73
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

Mirror neurons – same neural activity when see another person making a _________ as if you are making movement

A

movement

74
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

Mirror neurons – Premotor cortex, _________, primary motor cortex

A

Broca’s area

75
Q

Neural basis of mental images:

Mirror neurons – Premotor cortex, Broca’s area, _________ cortex

A

primary motor

Neuropsychology 343 (20 decks)

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