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Neuropsychology 343 > Final - Exam (9/20) - [Exam 1 - Section 3] > Flashcards

Final - Exam (9/20) - [Exam 1 - Section 3] Flashcards

1
Q

A neuron receives up to _________ connections from other neurons

A

15,000

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2
Q

Inputs can _________ or _________ the neuron

A
  • excite

- inhibit

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3
Q

Input into neurons can be:

  • _________
  • _________
A
  • Excitatory

- Inhibitory

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4
Q

_________ :

  • -Partial depolarization (resting membrane potential is less negative)
  • -Excitatory postsynaptic potential (_____ )
A
  • Excitatory

- EPSP

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5
Q

Excitatory:

  • -Partial depolarization (resting membrane potential is _________ negative)
  • -Excitatory _________ potential (EPSP)
A
  • less

- postsynaptic

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6
Q

_________ :

  • -Partial hyperpolarization (resting membrane potential is more negative)
  • -Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (_____)
A
  • Inhibitory

- IPSP

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7
Q

Inhibitory:

  • -Partial hyperpolarization (resting membrane potential is _________ negative)
  • -Inhibitory postsynaptic _________ (IPSP)
A
  • more

- potential

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8
Q

Inhibitory:

  • -Partial _________ (resting membrane potential is more negative)
  • -Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
A

-hyperpolarization

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9
Q

Excitatory:

  • -Partial _________ (resting membrane potential is less negative)
  • -Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
A

depolarization

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10
Q

Whether a neuron fires depends on the sum of the _________ it receives from other _________

A
  • inputs

- neurons

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11
Q

Inputs on neuron combined:

_________ summation:
Potentials arriving within a short amount of time

A

Temporal

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12
Q

Inputs on neuron combined:

_________ summation
Potentials arriving at different points on the dendrites and cell bodies at the same time

A

Spatial

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13
Q

Inputs on neuron combined:

Temporal summation:
Potentials arriving within a _________ amount of time

A

short

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14
Q

Inputs on neuron combined:

Spatial summation:
Potentials arriving at different points on the dendrites and cell bodies at the _________ time

A

same

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15
Q

Postsynaptic Neuron firing:

Summed potentials spread to _________ – if above threshold neuron fires

A

axon hillock

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16
Q

Postsynaptic Neuron firing:

Summed potentials spread to axon hillock – if _________ threshold neuron fires

A

above

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17
Q

neuron integrates information from many _________

A

inputs

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18
Q

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Two parts of the nervous system:

  • _________ nervous system
  • -Autonomic and somatic nervous system
  • -Reflexes
  • _________ nervous system
  • -Brain and spinal cord
  • -Meninges
  • -Blood-brain barrier
A
  • Peripheral

- Central

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19
Q

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Two parts of the nervous system:

  • Peripheral nervous system
    • _________ and _________ nervous system
  • -Reflexes
  • Central nervous system
  • -Brain and spinal cord
  • -Meninges
  • -Blood-brain barrier
A
  • Autonomic

- somatic

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20
Q

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Two parts of the nervous system:

  • Peripheral nervous system
  • -Autonomic and somatic nervous system
    • _________
  • Central nervous system
  • -Brain and spinal cord
    • _________
  • -Blood-brain barrier
A
  • Reflexes

- Meninges

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21
Q

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Two parts of the nervous system:

  • Peripheral nervous system
  • -Autonomic and somatic nervous system
  • -Reflexes
  • Central nervous system
    • _________
  • -Meninges
    • _________
A
  • Brain and spinal cord

- Blood-brain barrier

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22
Q

A _________ is a single neural cell

A

neuron

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23
Q

A _________ is a bundle of axons running together like a multi-wire cable

A

nerve

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24
Q

A nerve is a bundle of axons running together like a multi-wire _________

A

cable

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25
Q

the term nerve is only used in the _________ nervous system (____)

A
  • peripheral

- PNS

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26
Q

Inside the _________

  • -bundles of axons are called tracts or projections
  • -Groups of neuron cell bodies are called nuclei
A

central nervous system (CNS)

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27
Q

Inside the central nervous system (CNS)

  • -bundles of axons are called _________ or projections
  • -Groups of neuron cell bodies are called _________
A
  • tracts

- nuclei

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28
Q

Inside the central nervous system (CNS)

  • -bundles of _________ are called tracts or projections
  • -Groups of _________ cell bodies are called nuclei
A
  • axons

- neuron

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29
Q

The nervous system is split into 2 parts:

  • _________
  • _________
A
  • Central nervous system (CNS

- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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30
Q

Central nervous system (CNS):

_________

A

Brain and spinal cord

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31
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS):

Everything outside the _________

A

CNS

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32
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

_________ – works automatically without our awareness (regulates heart beat, digestion, glandular activity, breathing etc)

_________ – control of skeletal muscles

A
  • Autonomic

- Somatic

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33
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

_________ :

  • -Parasympathetic
  • -Sympathetic
A

Autonomic

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34
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

Autonomic – works automatically without our _________ (regulates heart beat, _________, glandular activity, breathing etc)

Somatic – control of _________ muscles

A
  • awareness
  • digestion
  • skeletal
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35
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

Autonomic:
– _________ – calming (eg, rest and digest - decreases blood pressure and heart rate)

A

Parasympathetic

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36
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

Autonomic:
– _________ – stimulating (eg, fight or flight response – increase in blood pressure and heart rate)

A

Sympathetic

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37
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

Autonomic:
–Parasympathetic – calming (eg, rest and digest - _________ blood pressure and _________ )

A
  • decreases

- heart rate

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38
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

–Sympathetic – stimulating (eg, _________ response – _________ in blood pressure and heart rate)

A
  • fight or flight

- increase

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39
Q

Peripheral nervous system:

_________ – control of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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40
Q

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_________ – an automatic response to stimuli involving sensory and motor neurons

A

REFLEXES

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41
Q

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REFLEXES – an automatic response to stimuli involving _________ and _________ neurons

A
  • sensory

- motor

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42
Q

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The basic unit of the _________ is the neuron

A

nervous system

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43
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • _________ neurons
  • Interneurons
  • _________ neurons
A
  • Sensory

- Motor

44
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • _________ – transmit information to the CNS from peripheral sense organs and tissues
A

Sensory neurons

45
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • _________ – transmit information within local circuits or across short distances
A

Interneurons

46
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • _________ – transmit information from the CNS to muscles (contract or relax) and glands
A

Motor neurons

47
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • Sensory neurons – transmit information to the _________ from peripheral sense _________ and tissues
  • Interneurons – transmit information within local circuits or across short distances
  • Motor neurons – transmit information from the CNS to muscles (contract or relax) and glands
A
  • CNS

- organs

48
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • Sensory neurons – transmit information to the CNS from peripheral sense organs and tissues
  • Interneurons – transmit information within local _________ or across _________ distances
  • Motor neurons – transmit information from the CNS to muscles (contract or relax) and glands
A
  • circuits

- short

49
Q

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3 different types of neurons:

  • Sensory neurons – transmit information to the CNS from peripheral sense organs and tissues
  • Interneurons – transmit information within local circuits or across short distances
  • Motor neurons – transmit information from the CNS to _________ (contract or relax) and _________
A
  • muscles

- glands

50
Q

CNS protected by the _________

A

blood-brain barrier

51
Q

-Blood-Brain Barrier-

Capillaries supplying blood to the CNS have _________

A

tight junctions

52
Q

-Blood-Brain Barrier-

CNS protected by the blood-brain barrier

  • -Capillaries supplying blood to the CNS have tight junctions
  • -Limits substances that can move from the blood to the _________ tissue
53
Q

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_________ – towards back (superior)

54
Q

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Dorsal – towards back (_________ )

55
Q

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_________ – towards stomach (Inferior)

56
Q

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Ventral – towards stomach (_________)

57
Q

_________ – front (rostral)

58
Q

Anterior – front (_________)

59
Q

_________ – back (caudal)

60
Q

Posterior – back (_________)

61
Q

_________ – towards middle

62
Q

Medial – towards _________

63
Q

_________ – Away from middle

(towards outside)

64
Q

Lateral – Away from middle

(towards _________ )

65
Q

Right – your _________

66
Q

Left – your _________

67
Q

_________ – same side

A

Ipsilateral

68
Q

Ipsilateral – _________ side

69
Q

_________ – opposite side

A

Contralateral

70
Q

Contralateral – _________ side

71
Q

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_________ = hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon

A

Brain stem

72
Q

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Brain stem = _________, midbrain, _________

A
  • hindbrain

- diencephalon

73
Q

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Brain stem = hindbrain, _________, diencephalon

74
Q

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_________ = cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, hypothalamus, thalamus

75
Q

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Forebrain = cortex, _________, limbic system, _________, thalamus

A
  • basal ganglia

- hypothalamus

76
Q

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Forebrain = _________, basal ganglia, limbic system, hypothalamus, _________

A
  • cortex

- thalamus

77
Q

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Forebrain = cortex, basal ganglia, _________, hypothalamus, thalamus

A

limbic system

78
Q

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_________ = ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra

79
Q

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Midbrain = ventral tegmental area, _________

A

substantia nigra

80
Q

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Midbrain = _________, substantia nigra

A

ventral tegmental area

81
Q

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_________ = pons, medulla, cerebellum

82
Q

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Hindbrain = pons, _________, cerebellum

83
Q

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Hindbrain = _________, medulla, _________

A
  • pons

- cerebellum

84
Q

The brain divided into 3 main parts:

  • _________
  • Midbrain
  • _________
A
  • Forebrain

- Hindbrain

85
Q

The brain divided into 3 main parts:

  • Forebrain
  • _________
  • Hindbrain
86
Q

Forebrain:

  • _________
  • Thalamus
  • _________
A
  • Cerebral cortex

- hypothalamus

87
Q

Forebrain:

  • Cerebral cortex
  • _________
  • hypothalamus
88
Q

_________ :

  • Substantia nigra
  • ventral tegmental area
89
Q

Midbrain:

  • _________
  • ventral _________ area
A
  • Substantia nigra

- tegmental

90
Q

Hindbrain:

  • _________
  • pons
  • _________
A
  • Medulla

- cerebellum

91
Q

Hindbrain:

  • Medulla
  • _________
  • cerebellum
92
Q

-Multiple inputs are required to cause an _________

A

action potential

93
Q

-resting membrane potential = ___mV

94
Q

_________ = -70mV

A

resting membrane potential

95
Q

The closer the axon _________ lands on the neuron body towards the axon _________ the stronger the potential it has

A
  • terminal

- hillock

96
Q

The closer the axon terminal lands on the _________ body towards the axon hillock the _________ the potential it has

A
  • neuron

- stronger

97
Q

Hyperpolarizing = _________

A

inhibitory

98
Q

_________ = inhibitory

A

Hyperpolarizing

99
Q

_________ = everything outside the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

100
Q

PNS = everything outside the _________

A

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

101
Q

_________ - Bleeding often starts in the epidural space

A

Adult Head trauma

102
Q

Adult Head trauma - Bleeding often starts in the _________

A

epidural space

103
Q

Blood-brain barrier = capillaries with _________ junctions

104
Q

_________ = superior, essentially along the hair line

105
Q

Dorsal = superior, essentially along the _________

106
Q

_________ = issue on the same side, right side head injury, right arm problem

A

Ipsilateral

107
Q

Ipsilateral = issue on the _________ side, right side head injury, _________ arm problem

A
  • same

- right

Neuropsychology 343 (20 decks)

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