Final Exam Part 3 Flashcards
What are some reactions seen within the oral cavity ?
- Hyperkeratosis – excessive thickening of the
stratum corneum layer - Hyperplasia – increase in the number of cells
- Metaplasia – the conversion of one differentiated
cell type to another - Dysplasia – an alteration in the size, shape, and
organization of the cellular components of a
tissue - Neoplasia – uncontrolled proliferation of
abnormal cells
This lesion is caused by chronic irritation agains the oral mucosa. A protective response that appears as an opaque white plaque
Hyperkeratosis
What are some necrotic lesions that may appear as leukoplakias ?
Chemical burn
Electrical
Thermal
Trauma
What are neoplasia?
- New growth of tissue that comes from existing tissue but grows independently
- irreversible changes takes place in the cell and is passed on to new cells
What are the stages of development?
- Initiation
- Promoton
- Progression
What are some diagnosis of oral carcinoma?
Erythems
Ulceration/ Erosion
Induration
Fixation
Failure to heal
lymphadenopathy
leukoplakia
What are the different biopsy methods ?
Incisonal- from lesion with a scapel
Excisional- remove entire lesion
Needle- inserting a needle of a synringe into lesion to apirate it
What are the classifactions for staging cancer?
T = Tumor size
N=Node involvement
M=Metasteses
What is epithelial tumors?
- Comes from Squamos, salivary gland and odontogenic epithelium
What is a papilloma?
finger like projection caused by HPV
A lesion with keratin plug or filled crater and mostly seen in those over 50 is called?
Keratocanthoma
A pigmented lesion that is also called a mole or freckle is called?
Melanocytic Nevi
What is leukoplakia?
- White plaque that cannot be wiped off
- Could be hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma
- High risk
What is leukoedema?
- Transluent grayish white film
- disappears when stretched
- not treatment
What is Eythroplakia?
- Lesion that is smooth, red patch or velvety patch
- not as common as leukoplakia
- BIOPSY MUST BE performed
- Can turn into cancer
What is Actinic Chelitis?
- vermilion border becomes fuzzy, rounded, mottled red and white patches
- Ulcers develop and stop healing
Most common type of precancerous skin lesion. It appears scaly crusty patches on the hands cheek and forehead, ear and lower lip.
Actinic Keratosis
What is basal cell carcinoma?
- Tumor of hair bearing areas of the skin
- Starts as papul then enlarges into a crusted ulcer with rolled border
- rarely metastasize
A warty well differntiated superficial lesion that is seen in high percentaged of tobacco users ?
Verrucous Carcinoma
Most common malignancy in the oral cavity with often end stage alterations.If it is on the lower lip- slow metastaize ( prognosis good). On the tongue and other intraoral sites- metastaize early.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Neoplasm of melanocytes occuring on skin and mucosa that appears brown bluebalck or black, that starts as a macule then becomes papular or nodular.
Melignant Melanoma
Where does Salivary glands orgin from?
Ectoderm origin
Mucocele is?
- Cyst like
- trauma causing severing of minor salivary gland duct
What is a ranula?
- Duct of either the sublingual or submandibular glands has been severed or obstructed by a salivary stone
- Forms unilaterally in the floor of the mouth
Swelling caused by an obstruction (sialolith, scar tissue,
pressure) of a salivary gland duct
Mucous Retention Cyst
Development of salivary stones lead to blockage
Sialadenitis
Pleomorphic Adenoma is ?
Most common salivary gland tumor
* Accounts for around 90% of all benign salivary
gland tumors
Slow growth, soft to palpation, movable
What is the recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma called?
Malignant Pleomorphic adenoma or malignant mixed tumor
What is a ameloblastoma?
- Benign, slow-growing epithelial tumor
- Unencapsulated and invasive – can result in death
- Clinically can appear in the maxillary or mandibular arches, 80% arise in mandible and most of those in posterior region
- Lesion is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy
- Do not tend to recur
Benign, well-circumscribed neoplasm of cementum
Clinically seen attached to the apical 1/3 of the root
Most occur in the premolar/molar area
Unique pain
Radiograph: Halo
Cementoblastoma
What are the two types of odontoma?
- Complex: mass of tissue
- Compound: Collection of small teeth
Suffix “carcinoma” used to indicate a
malignant tumor of epithelial origin and
“sarcoma” to indicate a malignant tumor of
connective tissue origin
true
A reactive hyperplasia found on the gingiva, originate from the PDL where osteogenic and cementogenic cells are
Ossifying Fibroma
A benign tumor of normal appearing compact bone. In a radiograph it is well defined. This lesion is also associated with Garner syndrome
Osteoma
A lesion that appears within the palate and lower extremitied, with skin and oral cavity in HIV ?
Kaposi Sarcoma
