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Oral Pathology > Final Exam Part 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the deviations from normal?

A

Lead to FUNCTIONAL (biochemical) changes or structural (morphologic) changes.

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2
Q

What are the cellular response to injury ?

A
  • Atrophy: Decrease in size
  • Hypertrophy : increase in size
  • Hyperplasia: increase in numbers
  • Metaplasia: Replacement of one cell type with another that can better endure the stress
  • Dysplasia: Abnormal differentiation of dividing cells
  • Neoplasia: No longer function or appear like original
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3
Q

What is the role to a hygienist?

A
  1. History Taking
  2. Physical examination
  3. Recognition of deviations from normal
  4. Informing the dentist of clinical findings
  5. Documenting findings in patients record
  6. Referral
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4
Q

What are the 5 characteristics to describe a lesion to colleague?

A
  1. Location
  2. size and shape
  3. Color
  4. Description
  5. Duration
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5
Q

What is a patch?

A
  • Flat nonraised
  • Larger than 1cm
  • different color and texture
  • Examples: melanoplakia, port wine stain and hematoma
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6
Q

What is the difference between a purpura, ecchymoses and petechaie ?

A

purpura: bruise
Ecchymosses: bruise larger than 1cm
petechiae: pinpoint red spots

Result of subcutaneous extravasation of blood

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7
Q

What is this lesion?

A

Plaque

Examples are: Keratosis, leukoplakia, lichen planus hairy leukoplakia and linea alba

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8
Q

What are papules?

A

less than 1 cm
superficial
pedunculated or sessiled

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of inflammation ?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function
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10
Q

What are the different types of exudate?

A

Serous- plasma fluid and proteins (MILD INJURY)
Purulent- WBC and tissue debris (ACUTE inflam and ABSCESS AND FISTULA)
Mucinous: contains lots of mucoys secretions
FIbrinous: Composed of large amounts of fibrin

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11
Q

What are the phases of healing?

A

Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation

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12
Q

What is healing by primary vs secondary intention?

A
  • Primary: Small Clot, decreased granulation tissue, less scar tissue.
  • Secondary: Large clot, increased granulation tissue, increased scar tissue
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13
Q

What are the systemic manifestations of inflammation?

A
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • elevated c-reactive protein
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14
Q

What is the immune system?

A
  • Part of the defense system of the body and occurs after the inflammatory response.
  • Immune response differes because it is to defend against specific target
  • nonproteins gets attacked
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15
Q

What is the difference between leukocytes and lymphocytes?

A
  • Leukocytes: white blood cells
  • Lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells excludes others
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16
Q

Which immunoglobulins is most important to the dental field?

A

IgA: found in saliva and stears

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17
Q

What are the description for T and B cells?

A

T-Cells: Matures in thymus and developed by the fetal bone marrow and then spread to other lymph tissues.

B-Cells: These cells can produce antibodies

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18
Q

What are the different types of Hypersentivity reactions?

A

.
Type I: Examples include asthma and anaphylaxis; Mediated by IgE

Type II - Antibody-Mediated
Seen in blood transfusions; Mediated by IgG and IgM

Type III - Immune Complex-mediated
Plays a role in periodontal disease; E.g. Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis

Type IV - delayed hypersensitivity
Occurs when T cells respond to antigen presented to them; E.g. TB test, organ rejection (can also play a role in perio)

19
Q

What lesion is this?

A

Herpetiform

20
Q

What are three different types of aphthous ulcers?

A

(Cell mediated)
Minor- most common
Major- Larger
Herpetiform- Very tiny, multiple

21
Q

What is this lesion?

A
  1. Aphthous ulcer Minor
  2. Aphthous ulcer Major
  3. Herpetiform
22
Q

What are erthema multiforme?

A
  • Severe form of Stevens johnson syndrome
  • Triad includes eyes, genital and oral lesions (bulles eye
  • Treatment: Corticosteroids
23
Q

What is lichen planus?

A

lacey looking lesion
Mostly in middle age women
wickhams striae

24
Q

What is Hand-schuller christians?

A

Seen in young children
punched out areas of skull

25
Q

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  • Nikolsky signs useful in diagnosis
26
Q

What is strep throat?

A
  • streptococcal pyogenes a. common cause of pharnygitis
  • exudate neutrophils in tonsillar regions
  • can lead to rheumatic fever or scarlet fever
27
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A
  • Toxins produced by bacteria damage blood vessels
  • deep red rash
  • leads to rheumatic fever
28
Q

What is rheumatic fever?

A

Scarred heart valves provide a place for bacteria to collect

29
Q

What are the different types of syphillis?

A
  • Primary- highy infectious
  • Secondary
  • tertiary- disease enters a latency period
  • Congenital syphilis
30
Q

What does congenital syphilis presents with in children?

A
  • Bilateral notching and screwdriver-shaped incisal edges on the permanent incisors
  • Enamel hypoplasia
31
Q

What are the treatments oral funcal infections?

A

Nystatin
Fluconazole
Clotrimazole

32
Q

What is this pictures?

A

Denture stomatitis

33
Q

Which virus is known to be linked to oral cancer?

A

HPV 16

34
Q

What kind of lesion is this?

A

Human Papilloma Virus

35
Q

What kind of lesion is this?

A

Human Papilloma Virus

36
Q

Which other disease is connected to Herpes simplex virus?

A

Varciall-zoster
Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus

37
Q

What illness does this patient have?

A

Shingles

38
Q

What is shingles?

A

virus remains dormant in nerve ganglion until reactivated

39
Q

What is epstein-barr virus?

A

a form of HSV, caused by infectious mono, burkitt lymphoma, hairy leukoplakia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Transmitted through saliva

40
Q

What is hand foot and mouth disease?

A
  • Highly contagious, occurs in outbreaks in children 1-5 years old
  • low grade fever, nausea and sall vesicles erupt on palms of the hands and feets
41
Q

What are the opportunistic infections seen in HIV?

A

Candidasis/Thrush
Periodontitis, NUP
HSV
Herpes zoster
Human Papilloma
Kaposi sarcoma
non-hodgkins lymphoa

42
Q

What disease is this lesion linked to?

A

HIV

43
Q

What is kaposi sarcoma?

A
  • Most common neoplasm
  • Angioscarcoma of the endothelium of blood and lymph vessels
  • found int he palate, bilaterally responding to the path of the palatine arteries
  • cause HSV 8

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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