Developmental Disturbances Exam 2 Flashcards
What is development disorders ?
Occur when either a failur or a disturbances occurs during cell divison and or differentiation into various structures of the body
What is the development inherited disorders ?
Caused by an abnormaility in genectic makeup and are transmitted from parent to child
What is congential disorder ?
- means that it is present at birth, It could be either developmental or inherited.
What is cleft disturbances of the face?
- Failure of the palatine processes to fuse with the premaxilla results in cleft
- Heredity and or environmental factors can play role
- Frequency:
cleft lip 65% male
Cleft lip and palate 71% male
Cleft palate alone 66% female
What is Soft Tissue Abnormalities?
- Lip pits
- Double lip
- White sponge nevus
What are abnormalities of the tongue ?
- Ankyloglossia (Causes tongue)
- Macroglossia- enlarged tongue
- Bifid Tongue- Incomplete fusion
- Median Rhomboid Glossitis
- Fissured Tongue
- Erythemia migrans
- Hairy Tongue
What are abnormalities of Jaws
- Palatine torus (Before age 30)
- Mandibular Tori
- Exostosis- Bony outgrowth of normal compact bone
- Macrognathia- Abnormal large jaw (congenital)
What are the abnormalities of the teeth?
- disturbances to the tooth at any stage of development may affect the teeth
Anodontia
lack of teeth
Hypodontia
Lack of one or more teeth ( 3rd molars, maxillary laterals and mandibular 2nd premolars)
Oligondontia
6 or more missing
Supernumerary
Extra teeth: mesiodens and distomolar
Microdontia
abonormal sizes- single tooth involvement: peg laters and 3rd molars
Gemination
- One tooth attempts to divide into 2 teeth
- One sing root and one pulp canal
Fusion
- Union of two teeth
Concresence
A form of fusion in which teeth are united by cementum only
Dilaceration
Abnormal curve or angle in the root
- caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development
Enamel Pearl
- A small spherical enamel projection on a root surface
- Occur asa result of abnormal displacement or ameloblasts
Talon Cusp
- Accessory cusp located in cingulum area of incisor
- Composed of normal enamel, dentin and a pulp horn
Taurodont
Teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots
Only occurs in multirooted teeth
Dens in Dente
- Dens invaginatus
- Enamel organ infolds into the crown
- Toothlike structure within the tooth
Dens Evaginatus
Enamel cusp found on the occlusal surface
Supernumerary Roots
Extra roots
Disturbances of tooth structure
Enamel hypoplasia- incomplete or defective formation of enamel
Results in alteration of tooth form or color
Due to disturbance of ameloblasts during enamel matrix formatuon
What are the possible causes disturbances of tooth structure
illness with high fever
vitamin deficiency
local infection of a deciduous tooth
too much fluoride ingestion
congential syphilis
birth injury
amelogonesis imperfecta
Turners tooth
- Hypoplasia that occurs because of a local infection of deciduous tooth affecting permanent tooth below
Hypoplasia
result of congential syphilis
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
- Hereditary
- Crowns are bulbous with an opalescent brown to blue color
- No pulp chambers or root canals
- Short roots
Enamel Hypocalcification
- Disturbance of the maturation of enamel
- Looks chalky white spot
Intrinsic Staining of Teeth
- Results from circulating elements during tooth development being deposited in the enamel
- Elements leaching through the dentin tubules
What is disturbances of eruption
Ankylosed- fused bone
Impacted- Physical obstruction
Embedded- Lack of eruptive force
Attrition
Loss of tooth structure through tooth to tooth frictional contact
What is abrasion?
Loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear
What is abfraction?
Loss of tooth structure at the CEJ caused by abnormal occlusal forces
What is Erosion
Loss of tooth structure cause by acidic chemicals in prolonged contact with the teeth.
What is elements of Genertics
Karyotype- a picture of the collection of ones 46 chomosome
Genotype- ones genetic make up
Phenotype- how ones genes are expressed
What are the patterns of inheritance ?
Autosomal Dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
What are Genetic- Chromosomal Abnormalities
Molecular abnormalities- occur at DNA level are considered inherited disorders
Gross abnormalities- occur because of an alteration in chromosome number or alteration in structure
What is Trisomy 21?
Downs syndrome
- most frequent of the trisomies
What are characteristics of Downs syndrome?
Slanted eyes, Heart abnormalitiesm lower intelligence level, hypodontia, fissured tongue, anomalies in shape, position and eruption of teeth
What is Trisomy 13?
- multiple abnormalities
- cleft lip and palate, small or no eyes mental retardation, heart malformations among them
What is Turner syndrome ?
- Female phenotype but only 1x instead 2
- Ovaries are not developed, along with other physical abnormalities
What is Molescular Chromosomal abnormalities ?
- Cyclic Neutropenia- Periodic decrease on neutrophils
- Papillion Lefevre syndrome- marked destruction of periodontal tissues, premature loss of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles
What is Cherubism?
Progressive bilateral facial swellling begins before 4 years age
What is Cleiodocranial Dysplasis
Many supernumerary teeth often not erupted
What is Garner Syndrome
Osteomas in maxilla and mandible, multiple odontomad, intestinal polyps
