Final Exam: Endocrine Pancreas 4

Question 1

Severe complication of diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 2

What are the 4 complications of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 2

1. ketone body in liver
2. metabolic acidosis
3. dehydration
4. shock and death

Question 3

How are ketone bodies derived?

Answer 3

oxidation of free FAs by the liver

Question 4

What are the 2 alterations that must be made for synthesis of ketone bodies?

Answer 4

1. inc. mobilization of FFAs from triglycerides stored in fat
2. shift in hepatic metabolism from fat synthesis to fat oxidation and ketogenesis

Question 5

insulin deficiency inc/dec FFAs release from adipocytes

Answer 5

Inc.

Question 6

hormones that the body increases production of in response to diseases and stress.

Answer 6

Counterregulatory hormones

Question 7

T/F. During DKA circulating levels of counterregulatory hormones is increased.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

The most influential ketogenic counterregulatory hormone

Answer 8

glucagon

Question 9

What two counterregulatory hormones contribute to insulin resistance

Answer 9

glucagon and epinephrine

Question 10

What two ways do glucagon and epinephrine contribute to insulin resistance

Answer 10

1. inhibiting insulin-mediated uptake in m.

2. stimulating hepatic glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 11

What two counterregulatory hormones enhance lipolysis in the presence of insulin deficiency.

Answer 11

Cortisol and GH

Question 12

The combination of insulin deficiency and excess in counterregulatory hormones leads to ________.

Answer 12

protein catabolism

Question 13

Excess accumulation of ketones in the blood

Answer 13

acidosis

Question 14

Inc. in plasma and ECF tonicity in DKA leads to a shift of water out of the cells which means what for potasssium?

Answer 14

potassium will go out of cells

Question 15

During diabetic ketoacidosis what happens to phosphate?

Answer 15

shifts from intra to extracellular