Final Exam: Adrenal Gland 1 Flashcards
What are the 2 layers of the adrenal gland?
- adrenal cortex
2. Adrenal medulla
What is the adrenal cortex derived from?
mesodermal
What is the adrenal medulla derived from?
ectodermal
WHat are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex and what does each produce?
- glomerulosa- mineral corticoids
- fasiculata- gluco corticoids
- reticularis- sex sterroids
What is produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland?
catecholamines
What are the 2 layers of the zona fasiculata in ruminants?
inner and outer layer
The adrenal cortex produces hormones derived from _______
cholesterol
What are the 3 intracellular features of the adrenal cortex?
- abundance of lipid droplets
- mitochondrion
- sER
what is the major mineralocorticoid and where is it produced?
Aldosterone- zona glomerulosa
What is the major glucocorticoids and where is it produced?
cortisol, zona fasiculata
Where is Epi and Norepi produced in the AG?
Medulla
Production of Adrenal steroids involves which pathway for steroid synthesis?
classic pathways
The first step of steroid synthesis uses cholesterol to form _______
pregnenolone
Where does the first step of Steroid synthesis occur?
mitochondria
What is produced by the edenohypophysis that limits the rate o synthesis of all adrenocortical hormones?
ACTH
Cholesterol from an animal’s diet is typically LDL/HDL
LDL
How Are adrenal cortex hormones carried in plasma?
corticosteroid- binding globulin (CBG or Transortin)
What percentage of adrenal hormones are tranported in blood bound to transcortin?
75%
What percentage of aldosterone is transported in blood bound to albumin?
50%
T/F. Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface?
F. intracellularly
Where are steroid receptors located?
in the cytosol and nucleus
T/F. hormones must be un-bound from their carrier to produce an effect?
T
What organ is responsible for metabolism of adrenocortical hormones?
Liver
what is the half life of cortisol
60 min
What is the half life of aldosterone?
20min
how does the liver metabolize hormones for excretion?
coagulation with sulfates and glucoronides, make water soluble to pass in urine
What is the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex and what does it produce?
zona glomerulosa- mineralocorticoids
Adrenal cortex hormone that plays an important role in electrolyte balance and regulation of BP.
Aldosterone
What is the affect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
retention of Na and secretion of K and H
What system regulates the production of Aldosterone?
RAAS
What stimulates aldosterone secretion?
dec. in ECF volume/ plasma Na conc.
What cells of the kidneys perceive changes in aldosterone?
macula densa cells
an inc. in K stimulates which zone of the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
Excessive production of aldosterone in cats?
Hyperaldosteroneism
What are the C/S of hyperaldosteroneism in cats?
- Weakness
- PU/PD
- Hypokalemia
- Arterial hypertension
