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Physiology 2 > Final Exam: Adrenal Gland 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam: Adrenal Gland 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of the adrenal gland?

A
  1. adrenal cortex

2. Adrenal medulla

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2
Q

What is the adrenal cortex derived from?

A

mesodermal

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3
Q

What is the adrenal medulla derived from?

A

ectodermal

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4
Q

WHat are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex and what does each produce?

A
  1. glomerulosa- mineral corticoids
  2. fasiculata- gluco corticoids
  3. reticularis- sex sterroids
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5
Q

What is produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

catecholamines

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6
Q

What are the 2 layers of the zona fasiculata in ruminants?

A

inner and outer layer

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7
Q

The adrenal cortex produces hormones derived from _______

A

cholesterol

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8
Q

What are the 3 intracellular features of the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. abundance of lipid droplets
  2. mitochondrion
  3. sER
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9
Q

what is the major mineralocorticoid and where is it produced?

A

Aldosterone- zona glomerulosa

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10
Q

What is the major glucocorticoids and where is it produced?

A

cortisol, zona fasiculata

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11
Q

Where is Epi and Norepi produced in the AG?

A

Medulla

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12
Q

Production of Adrenal steroids involves which pathway for steroid synthesis?

A

classic pathways

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13
Q

The first step of steroid synthesis uses cholesterol to form _______

A

pregnenolone

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14
Q

Where does the first step of Steroid synthesis occur?

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

What is produced by the edenohypophysis that limits the rate o synthesis of all adrenocortical hormones?

A

ACTH

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16
Q

Cholesterol from an animal’s diet is typically LDL/HDL

A

LDL

17
Q

How Are adrenal cortex hormones carried in plasma?

A

corticosteroid- binding globulin (CBG or Transortin)

18
Q

What percentage of adrenal hormones are tranported in blood bound to transcortin?

A

75%

19
Q

What percentage of aldosterone is transported in blood bound to albumin?

A

50%

20
Q

T/F. Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface?

A

F. intracellularly

21
Q

Where are steroid receptors located?

A

in the cytosol and nucleus

22
Q

T/F. hormones must be un-bound from their carrier to produce an effect?

A

T

23
Q

What organ is responsible for metabolism of adrenocortical hormones?

A

Liver

24
Q

what is the half life of cortisol

A

60 min

25
Q

What is the half life of aldosterone?

A

20min

26
Q

how does the liver metabolize hormones for excretion?

A

coagulation with sulfates and glucoronides, make water soluble to pass in urine

27
Q

What is the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex and what does it produce?

A

zona glomerulosa- mineralocorticoids

28
Q

Adrenal cortex hormone that plays an important role in electrolyte balance and regulation of BP.

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

What is the affect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

A

retention of Na and secretion of K and H

30
Q

What system regulates the production of Aldosterone?

A

RAAS

31
Q

What stimulates aldosterone secretion?

A

dec. in ECF volume/ plasma Na conc.

32
Q

What cells of the kidneys perceive changes in aldosterone?

A

macula densa cells

33
Q

an inc. in K stimulates which zone of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa

34
Q

Excessive production of aldosterone in cats?

A

Hyperaldosteroneism

35
Q

What are the C/S of hyperaldosteroneism in cats?

A
  1. Weakness
  2. PU/PD
  3. Hypokalemia
  4. Arterial hypertension

Physiology 2 (19 decks)

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