Final Exam: Endocrine Pancreas 3

Question 1

Lack or deficiency of insulin produces a syndrome called _______

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 2

What are the two categories of insulin deficiency?

Answer 2

1. Absolute- absence of insulin

2. Relative- insulin is not working properly/ insulin resistance

Question 3

Absolute insulin deficiency is Type1/Type2

Answer 3

Type 1

Question 4

Relative insulin deficiency is Type 1/2

Answer 4

Type 2

Question 5

Insulin deficiency cause blood glucose to inc/dec

Answer 5

inc

Question 6

Insulin deficiency causes ____ of fat storage and release of FFA

Answer 6

lipolysis

Question 7

most dogs have type 1/2 diabetes

Answer 7

Type 1

Question 8

most cats have type 1/2 diabetes

Answer 8

type 2

Question 9

What is HSL? and where is it expressed

Answer 9

Hormone sensitive lipase

found in adipose tissue

Question 10

Excess FFA will be converted into ____ and ____

Answer 10

phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 11

Enzyme used for hydrolysis of stored triglycerides

Answer 11

HSL

Question 12

Insulin deficiency causes protein ______ and inc/dec plasma AA

Answer 12

depletion

inc

Question 13

T/F insulin is an anabolic hormone?

Answer 13

T

Question 14

T/F if insulin is absent or not working patient will enter a catabolic state.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

What two things are AA in the blood used for?

Answer 15

1. Direct energy source in the liver

2. substrate for gluconeogenesis

Question 16

What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 16

absolute deficiency

No inc. in endogenous insulin after stimulation.

Absolute necessity for exogenous insulin to maintain control of glycemia

Question 17

What are some factors involved in type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 17

1. Genetics
2. Immune-mediated insulitis
3. Pancreatitis
4. Obesity
5. concurrent hormonal dz
6. drugs
7. infection
8. Concurrent illness
9. Hyperlipidemia

Question 18

What is the most common long term complication of diabetes in dogs

Answer 18

Cataracts

Question 19

What is the cause of cataracts in diabetic dogs?

Answer 19

Altered osmotic relationships in the lens induced by accumulation of Sorbitol and galactitol

swelling and rupture of the lens fibers

Question 20

Enzyme that breaks down glucose and galactose into sugar alcohols in the lens

Answer 20

Aldose reductase

Question 21

Type of Diabetes caracterized by the resistance to the metabolic effects of insulin

Answer 21

Type 2

Question 22

The failure of which cell type can cause type 2 diabetes?

Answer 22

Beta cell

Question 23

List some factors that could leada to type 2 diabetes in cats?

Answer 23

1. obesity
2. pancreatitis
3. concurrent hormonal dz
4. drugs
5. infection
6. genetic

Question 24

polypeptide produced and secreted by beta cells together withinsulin secreation

Answer 24

amylin

Question 25

What is the purpose of amylin produced by beta cells?

Answer 25

1. inc. satiety
2. dec. gastric empty
3. reduce glucagon production

Question 26

T/F. All animals have the amyloidogenic amino acid structure with the potential to form amyloid depositions within the islets.

Answer 26

F. Humans, Cats, monkeys

Question 27

the amyloid deposition within the pancreatic islets is called:

Answer 27

amyloidosis

Question 28

What happens when amylin aggregates in the islets?

Answer 28

forms amyloid which is toxic to Beta cells and leads to their dysfunction

Question 29

T/F. It is impossible for type 2 diabetes to disappear?

Answer 29

F

Question 30

T/F. A cat is suffering from type 2 diabetes caused by Amyloidosis it is irreversible?

Answer 30

T

Question 31

T/F. A cat suffering from type 2 diabetes cause by Glycotoxicity can be reversible.

Answer 31

T

Question 32

one of the most common chronic complications of Type 2 diabetes in cats?

Answer 32

Diabetic neuropathy

Question 33

What is diabetic neuropathy

Answer 33

hyperglycemina leading to nerve injury

Question 34

What are some C/S of Diabetic neuropathy in cats?

Answer 34

1. limb weakness
2. difficulty to jump
3. Base-narrow gait
4. Ataxia
5. Muscle atrophy in pelvic limbs
6. Plantigrade posture
   etc. . .