Final Exam: Endocrine Pancreas 2

Question 1

Which glucose transporter is insulin sensitive?

a. GLUT1
b. GLUT2
c. GLUT4
d. GLUT5

Answer 1

c. GLUT4

Question 2

T/F. The acute phase of insulin secretion involves the synthesis of new insulin by beta cells

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Which type of receptor binds to insulin molecule?

a. sterroid receptor
b. receptor tyrosine kinase
c. toll like receptor
d. G protein coupled receptor

Answer 3

b. receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 4

What are the 3 actions insulin has on muscle?

Answer 4

1. stimulates glycogen synthesis enzymes
2. promotes the use of glucose as fuel
3. Enhances AA uptake which promotes m. growth

Question 5

How does insulin stimulate synthesis of enzymes in m?

Answer 5

promoting storage of glucose molecules in the form of glycogen

Question 6

How does insulin promote the use of glucose as fuel in m. cells?

Answer 6

reduces FA oxidaion

(in absence of insulin m. rely on FA synthesis?

Question 7

What are the 2 actions insulin has on adipose tissue

Answer 7

1. Glucose provided to adipocytes promotes glycerol formation and glycogen synthesis
2. inhibits lipolysis

Question 8

What are the 2 actions of insulin on the liver?

Answer 8

1. promotes FA synthesis in hepatocytes

2. Stimulates glycogen synthesis

Question 9

how does insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis in the liver?

Answer 9

dec. gluconeogenesis iand glycogenolysis

Question 10

Where is insulin metabolized?

Answer 10

liver and kidneys

Question 11

What is the 1/2 life of insulin

Answer 11

10min

Question 12

What are the 4 counteregulatory hormones?

Answer 12

1. Epi/Norepi
2. Glucagon
3. Cortisol
4. Growth Hormone

Question 13

Polypeptide hormone produced by alpha cells?

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

what is the 1/2 life of glucagon

Answer 14

5min.

Question 15

what stimulates glucagon synthesis?

Answer 15

dec. glucose conc.

hypoglycemia

Question 16

T/F glucagon levels are low during insulin deficiency.

Answer 16

F. high

Question 17

Protein ingestion stimulates both _____ and _____ release

Answer 17

insulin and glucagon

Question 18

insulin is released in response to inc/dec AA levels and high/low Glucose conc.

Answer 18

inc. AA

lower Glucose

Question 19

Glucagon binds to which receptors on the target cell?

Answer 19

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 20

Physiological action of glucagon are the opposite of _____.

Answer 20

insulin

Question 21

What are the 3 actions of glucagon to inc. blood glucose?

Answer 21

1. dec. glycogen synthesis
2. Breakdown of liver glycogen- glycogenolysis
3. inc. in liver gluconeogenesis

Question 22

What is the effect of hepatic gluconeogenesis?

Answer 22

inc. glycemia

Question 23

What does and inc. in glycemia stiulate?

Answer 23

beta cells

Question 24

What does and inc. in glycemia inhibit?

Answer 24

alpha cells
adreno-cortico cells
adreno-hypophysis cells

Question 25

source of energy when glucose is not present

Answer 25

ketones

Question 26

what are the 2 ketones

Answer 26

acetone and b-hydroxibutirate

Question 27

What 4 things do we need for hepatic gluconeogenesis?

Answer 27

1. energy
2. glycerol
3. lactate
4. Alanine and glutamine

Question 28

What is produced by Delta cells?

Answer 28

pancreatic somatostatin

Question 29

What are the inhibitory actions of somatostatin?

Answer 29

1. dec. motility and secretory activity of GI tract

2. inhibits secretion of all endocrine cell types of the Islets of Langerhans

Question 30

What is produced by F or PP cells?

Answer 30

pancreatic polypeptide

Question 31

What 3 things stimulate the production of pancreatic polypetide by F cells

Answer 31

1. GI hormones
2. Vagal stim.
3. P ingestion

Question 32

What inhibits the production of pancreatic polypeptide produced by f cells?

Answer 32

somatostatin

Question 33

What are the 2 effects of pancreatic polypeptide?

Answer 33

1. inc. gut motility and gastric emptying

2. Inhibits secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of the gallbladder