Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2 > Exam II: Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Exam II: Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ovary

A
  1. cortex

2. medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of the ovary do follicles develop

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of follicular development?

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. secondary follicle
  4. antral follicle
  5. Primordial follicle
  6. Committed follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

Primordial follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

A

Primary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

OOcyte surrounded by two or more layers

A

Secondary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which follicle contains the zona pellucida

A

Secondary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which stage of follicle formation has a fluid filled cavity

A

Antral follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which stage of follicle formation is the origin of oocytes and granulosa cells?

A

Primordial follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which stage of folliculogenesis contains 20-30 Follicles growing each day?

A

Committed follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the committed follicle GnrH Dependent or independent?

A

Independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pool of inactive primordial follicles

A

Resting pool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

once a follicle commences development from the resting pool it is known as:

A

Committed follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Follicular development up to development of ______ is independent of FSH or LH.

A

Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Connective tissue of the antral follicle

A

theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 components of the antral follicle

A
  1. Theca externa
  2. Theca interna
  3. Granulosa cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Part of the antral follicle that produces androgens under LH stimulation

A

Theca Interna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Part of Antral follicle that produces estrogen, inhibin, and follicular fluid, and is responsive to FSH.

A

Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Structure left immediately after ovulation

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Theca interna and granulosa cells proliferate to fill the cavity, differentiate into luteal cells, and produce progesterone

A

Corpus luteum (CL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cells of the CL that form from Granulosa cells and secrete oxytocin and relaxin

A

Large luteal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Remnant of old corpus luteum

A

Corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ovarian follicles become gonadotrophin dependent at which stage?

a. Primordial
b. Primary
c. Secondary
d. Antral

A

d. antral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 centers of the Hypothalamus?

A
  1. Tonic GnRH center
  2. Surge Center
  3. Paraventricular nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Center of the hypothalamus that is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge.

A

Surge center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In which center of the hypothalamus is oxytocin synthesized?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F. GnRH affects the anterior pituitary directly.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 7 effects of Estrogen?

A
  1. Thickening of vag. mucosa
  2. Mucus secretion
  3. Epithelial mitosis in endometrium
  4. Inc. secretory and ciliary beat activity in tubule cells
  5. Endometrial edema
  6. Myometrial activity
  7. Estrous behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What 4 things contribute to ovulation

A
  1. LH surge
  2. Theca interna cells produce progesterone rather than androstenedione
  3. collagenase
  4. prostaglandins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Progesterone is produced by:

a. the ovarian follicle
b. The corpus luteum
c. The endometrium
d. The hypothalamus
e. The pituitary

A

b. The CL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 effects of progesterone?

A
  1. inc. endometrial secretion
  2. Reduced myometrial activity
  3. Priming effect in brain to enhance effects of estrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The structural and functional degradation of the CL that occurs at the end of the luteal phase in the absence of pregnancy

A

Luteolysis

33
Q

What hormones cause Luteolysis?

A

PGF2a from endometrium

oxytocin

34
Q

Which species have ipsilateral luteolysis

A

Ruminants

35
Q

Which species have systemic luteolysis

A

mare and sow

36
Q

Which species have both systemic and counter-current luteolysis

A

camelids

37
Q

what is melatonin synthesized from?

A

tryptophan

38
Q

Melatonin inc/dec GnRH release in short day breeders

A

Inc.

39
Q

Example of short day breeders

A

Sm. ruminants

40
Q

Melatonin inc/dec GnRH release in long day breeders

A

Dec.

41
Q

Example of long day breeders

A

Horse

42
Q

The acquisition of capability of sexual repro.

A

Puberty

43
Q

T/F. Puberty and sexual maturation are the same thing

A

F

44
Q

T/F. The pulse generator is dormant in juveniles

A

T

45
Q

_____ and _____have a negative effect on GnRH release and pulsatility

A

GABA

NPY - Neuropeptide Y

46
Q

____ has a positive effect on GnRH signaling and is a mediator of GnRH signaling

A

Kisspeptin

47
Q

Adipocyte hormone that can precipitate puberty

A

Leptin

48
Q

T/F. inc. leptin may mediate onset of puberty

A

T

49
Q

What causes the preovulatory GnRH surge?

A

Positive feedback of estradiol

50
Q

T/F Melatonin in sheep inc. GnRH secretion

A

T

51
Q

Period from the begining of one estrus to the begining of the next

A

Estrous cycle

52
Q

What are the 3 phases of the estrous cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. luteal phase
  3. Quiescent phase (anestrus)
53
Q

T/F. Estrus is defined hormonally?

A

F. Behaviorally

54
Q

What 3 ways can you classify Estrous cycles based on cycle length

A
  1. polyestrous
  2. Monestrous
  3. Seasonally polyestrous
55
Q

What two ways can you classify estrous cycles based on ovulation

A
  1. spontaneous ovulators

2. induced ovulators

56
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do cows have?

A

Polyestrous, Spontaneous ovulators

57
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do dogs have?

A

Monestrous, spontaneous ovulators

58
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do horses have>

A

Seasonally polyestrous

spontaneous ovulators

59
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do sheep have?

A

seasonally polyestrous

spontaneous ovulators

60
Q

What are the two categories of seasonally polyestrus animals

A

short day breeders (fall)

long day breeders (spring)

61
Q

What are the 2 phases of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A
  1. proestrus

2. estrus

62
Q

What is occuring during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Developing follicles

63
Q

What hormones dominates the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Estrogen

64
Q

What does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle encompass?

A

From ovulation to CL regression

65
Q

What hormone dominates the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Progesterone

66
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in a cow

A

21 days

67
Q

what are the 4 phases of the estrous cycle in cows

A

proestrus
estrus
metestrus
diestrus

68
Q

Signs of estrus in cow

A
  1. standing to be mounted
  2. inc. activity
  3. dec. milk yeild
  4. clear vaginal mucous
  5. bellowing
  6. swollen vulva
69
Q

What are the 4 waves of follicular growth?

A
  1. Recruitment
  2. Selection
  3. Dominance
  4. Atresia
70
Q

Estrous cycle length in ewe?

A

17 days

71
Q

Signs of estrous in ewe?

A
  1. seek out ram

2. vulvar edema

72
Q

When do doe’s reach puberty?

A

6-8 months

73
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in doe?

A

20 days

74
Q

How can you ditect estrus in doe?

A
  1. swollen vulva
  2. side to side tail movement
  3. vag. mucous
75
Q

Estrous cycle length in sow

A

21 days

76
Q

Estrous cycle length in mare

A

21 days

77
Q

T/F In mares there is low estrogen during estrus instead of estrogen

A

T

78
Q

Estrous cycle length in dog

A

6 months

79
Q

What are the 4 phases of the dog estrous cycle?

A
  1. proetsrus
  2. estrus
  3. diestrus
  4. anestrus

Physiology 2 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions