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Physiology 2 > Exam II: Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Exam II: Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ovary

A
  1. cortex

2. medulla

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2
Q

Which part of the ovary do follicles develop

A

cortex

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3
Q

What are the stages of follicular development?

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. secondary follicle
  4. antral follicle
  5. Primordial follicle
  6. Committed follicle
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4
Q

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

Primordial follicle

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5
Q

Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

A

Primary follicle

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6
Q

OOcyte surrounded by two or more layers

A

Secondary follicle

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7
Q

Which follicle contains the zona pellucida

A

Secondary follicle

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8
Q

Which stage of follicle formation has a fluid filled cavity

A

Antral follicle

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9
Q

Which stage of follicle formation is the origin of oocytes and granulosa cells?

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

Which stage of folliculogenesis contains 20-30 Follicles growing each day?

A

Committed follicle

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11
Q

Is the committed follicle GnrH Dependent or independent?

A

Independent

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12
Q

Pool of inactive primordial follicles

A

Resting pool

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13
Q

once a follicle commences development from the resting pool it is known as:

A

Committed follicle

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14
Q

Follicular development up to development of ______ is independent of FSH or LH.

A

Antrum

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15
Q

Connective tissue of the antral follicle

A

theca externa

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16
Q

3 components of the antral follicle

A
  1. Theca externa
  2. Theca interna
  3. Granulosa cells
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17
Q

Part of the antral follicle that produces androgens under LH stimulation

A

Theca Interna

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18
Q

Part of Antral follicle that produces estrogen, inhibin, and follicular fluid, and is responsive to FSH.

A

Granulosa cells

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19
Q

Structure left immediately after ovulation

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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20
Q

Theca interna and granulosa cells proliferate to fill the cavity, differentiate into luteal cells, and produce progesterone

A

Corpus luteum (CL)

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21
Q

Cells of the CL that form from Granulosa cells and secrete oxytocin and relaxin

A

Large luteal cells

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22
Q

Remnant of old corpus luteum

A

Corpus albicans

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23
Q

Ovarian follicles become gonadotrophin dependent at which stage?

a. Primordial
b. Primary
c. Secondary
d. Antral

A

d. antral

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24
Q

What are the 3 centers of the Hypothalamus?

A
  1. Tonic GnRH center
  2. Surge Center
  3. Paraventricular nucleus
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25
Q

Center of the hypothalamus that is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge.

A

Surge center

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26
Q

In which center of the hypothalamus is oxytocin synthesized?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

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27
Q

T/F. GnRH affects the anterior pituitary directly.

A

T

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28
Q

What are the 7 effects of Estrogen?

A
  1. Thickening of vag. mucosa
  2. Mucus secretion
  3. Epithelial mitosis in endometrium
  4. Inc. secretory and ciliary beat activity in tubule cells
  5. Endometrial edema
  6. Myometrial activity
  7. Estrous behavior
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29
Q

What 4 things contribute to ovulation

A
  1. LH surge
  2. Theca interna cells produce progesterone rather than androstenedione
  3. collagenase
  4. prostaglandins
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30
Q

Progesterone is produced by:

a. the ovarian follicle
b. The corpus luteum
c. The endometrium
d. The hypothalamus
e. The pituitary

A

b. The CL

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31
Q

What are the 3 effects of progesterone?

A
  1. inc. endometrial secretion
  2. Reduced myometrial activity
  3. Priming effect in brain to enhance effects of estrogen
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32
Q

The structural and functional degradation of the CL that occurs at the end of the luteal phase in the absence of pregnancy

A

Luteolysis

33
Q

What hormones cause Luteolysis?

A

PGF2a from endometrium

oxytocin

34
Q

Which species have ipsilateral luteolysis

35
Q

Which species have systemic luteolysis

A

mare and sow

36
Q

Which species have both systemic and counter-current luteolysis

37
Q

what is melatonin synthesized from?

A

tryptophan

38
Q

Melatonin inc/dec GnRH release in short day breeders

39
Q

Example of short day breeders

A

Sm. ruminants

40
Q

Melatonin inc/dec GnRH release in long day breeders

41
Q

Example of long day breeders

42
Q

The acquisition of capability of sexual repro.

43
Q

T/F. Puberty and sexual maturation are the same thing

44
Q

T/F. The pulse generator is dormant in juveniles

45
Q

_____ and _____have a negative effect on GnRH release and pulsatility

A

GABA

NPY - Neuropeptide Y

46
Q

____ has a positive effect on GnRH signaling and is a mediator of GnRH signaling

A

Kisspeptin

47
Q

Adipocyte hormone that can precipitate puberty

48
Q

T/F. inc. leptin may mediate onset of puberty

49
Q

What causes the preovulatory GnRH surge?

A

Positive feedback of estradiol

50
Q

T/F Melatonin in sheep inc. GnRH secretion

51
Q

Period from the begining of one estrus to the begining of the next

A

Estrous cycle

52
Q

What are the 3 phases of the estrous cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. luteal phase
  3. Quiescent phase (anestrus)
53
Q

T/F. Estrus is defined hormonally?

A

F. Behaviorally

54
Q

What 3 ways can you classify Estrous cycles based on cycle length

A
  1. polyestrous
  2. Monestrous
  3. Seasonally polyestrous
55
Q

What two ways can you classify estrous cycles based on ovulation

A
  1. spontaneous ovulators

2. induced ovulators

56
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do cows have?

A

Polyestrous, Spontaneous ovulators

57
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do dogs have?

A

Monestrous, spontaneous ovulators

58
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do horses have>

A

Seasonally polyestrous

spontaneous ovulators

59
Q

What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do sheep have?

A

seasonally polyestrous

spontaneous ovulators

60
Q

What are the two categories of seasonally polyestrus animals

A

short day breeders (fall)

long day breeders (spring)

61
Q

What are the 2 phases of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A
  1. proestrus

2. estrus

62
Q

What is occuring during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Developing follicles

63
Q

What hormones dominates the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

64
Q

What does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle encompass?

A

From ovulation to CL regression

65
Q

What hormone dominates the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Progesterone

66
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in a cow

67
Q

what are the 4 phases of the estrous cycle in cows

A

proestrus
estrus
metestrus
diestrus

68
Q

Signs of estrus in cow

A
  1. standing to be mounted
  2. inc. activity
  3. dec. milk yeild
  4. clear vaginal mucous
  5. bellowing
  6. swollen vulva
69
Q

What are the 4 waves of follicular growth?

A
  1. Recruitment
  2. Selection
  3. Dominance
  4. Atresia
70
Q

Estrous cycle length in ewe?

71
Q

Signs of estrous in ewe?

A
  1. seek out ram

2. vulvar edema

72
Q

When do doe’s reach puberty?

A

6-8 months

73
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in doe?

74
Q

How can you ditect estrus in doe?

A
  1. swollen vulva
  2. side to side tail movement
  3. vag. mucous
75
Q

Estrous cycle length in sow

76
Q

Estrous cycle length in mare

77
Q

T/F In mares there is low estrogen during estrus instead of estrogen

78
Q

Estrous cycle length in dog

79
Q

What are the 4 phases of the dog estrous cycle?

A
  1. proetsrus
  2. estrus
  3. diestrus
  4. anestrus

Physiology 2 (19 decks)

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