Final Exam 5,6,7 Flashcards
parts of amino acid
-amino group
-acid (carboxyl group)
-R group (varies)
RNA pathway
DNA→mRNA→rRNA→tRNA
transcription &
translation
-writing the mRNA
-making amino acid sequence
what is unique about protein from other macros?
it has Nitrogen
where are proteins digested
-stomach where its denatured
-small intestine where its clipped and absorbed into blood
function of proteins
-growth & maintenance
-fluid balance
-building hormones, enzymes, and compounds
-energy
-protein balance
nitrogen/protein balance
positive: + body tissue
negative: - body tissue
qualities of protein sources (# of essential aa)
high: meats & animal products
moderate: legumes
low: grains & greens
foods limited in lysine
-grains
-nuts and seeds
grains, nuts & seeds, limited aa
lysine
legumes, vegetables, limited aa
methionine
foods limited in methionine
-legumes
-vegetables
protein RDA
.8g/kg per day
types of protein malnutrition
-kwashiorkor (edema)
-marasmus (matchstick arms, red hair)
nutrigenomics
effects of nutrients on gene expression
nutrigenetics
effects of genetic variation on response to nutrients (celiac)
components of energy expenditure
-BMR 60-75%
-physical activity 15-35%
-TEF 5-10%
factors that increase BMR
-tall
-high lean body mass
-sick
-pregnancy
-caffeine
-stress
factors that decrease BMR
-short
-body fat
-aging
-starvation
calculating BMI: kg & m
kg / m^2
calculation BMI: lbs & in
lbs x 703 / in^2
underweight BMI
<18.5
normal weight BMI
18.5-24.9
overweight BMI
25-29.9
obese BMI
> 30
methods of measuring body fat
-skinfold
-dexa (low energy x ray)
-bioelectric impendence (using water in body)
-displacement air or water
central obesity
men: 40+ in
women: 35+ in
risks of high BMI
-chronic disease
-gallstones
-inflammation
-fatty liver
-stroke
elements of weight loss (nutrition)
lower calories, balance AMDR, all food groups
elements of weight loss (activity)
regular to improve fitness
elements of weight loss (behavior)
do not deprive, ask why what and how of eating
