Final Exam 5,6,7

Question 1

parts of amino acid

Answer 1

-amino group
-acid (carboxyl group)
-R group (varies)

Question 2

RNA pathway

Answer 2

DNA→mRNA→rRNA→tRNA

Question 3

transcription &
translation

Answer 3

-writing the mRNA
-making amino acid sequence

Question 4

what is unique about protein from other macros?

Answer 4

it has Nitrogen

Question 5

where are proteins digested

Answer 5

-stomach where its denatured
-small intestine where its clipped and absorbed into blood

Question 6

function of proteins

Answer 6

-growth & maintenance
-fluid balance
-building hormones, enzymes, and compounds
-energy
-protein balance

Question 7

nitrogen/protein balance

Answer 7

positive: + body tissue
negative: - body tissue

Question 8

qualities of protein sources (# of essential aa)

Answer 8

high: meats & animal products
moderate: legumes
low: grains & greens

Question 9

foods limited in lysine

Answer 9

-grains
-nuts and seeds

Question 10

grains, nuts & seeds, limited aa

Answer 10

lysine

Question 11

legumes, vegetables, limited aa

Answer 11

methionine

Question 12

foods limited in methionine

Answer 12

-legumes
-vegetables

Question 13

protein RDA

Answer 13

.8g/kg per day

Question 14

types of protein malnutrition

Answer 14

-kwashiorkor (edema)
-marasmus (matchstick arms, red hair)

Question 15

nutrigenomics

Answer 15

effects of nutrients on gene expression

Question 16

nutrigenetics

Answer 16

effects of genetic variation on response to nutrients (celiac)

Question 17

components of energy expenditure

Answer 17

-BMR 60-75%
-physical activity 15-35%
-TEF 5-10%

Question 18

factors that increase BMR

Answer 18

-tall
-high lean body mass
-sick
-pregnancy
-caffeine
-stress

Question 19

factors that decrease BMR

Answer 19

-short
-body fat
-aging
-starvation

Question 20

calculating BMI: kg & m

Answer 20

kg / m^2

Question 21

calculation BMI: lbs & in

Answer 21

lbs x 703 / in^2

Question 22

underweight BMI

Answer 22

<18.5

Question 23

normal weight BMI

Answer 23

18.5-24.9

Question 24

overweight BMI

Answer 24

25-29.9

Question 25

obese BMI

Answer 25

> 30

Question 26

methods of measuring body fat

Answer 26

-skinfold
-dexa (low energy x ray)
-bioelectric impendence (using water in body)
-displacement air or water

Question 27

central obesity

Answer 27

men: 40+ in
women: 35+ in

Question 28

risks of high BMI

Answer 28

-chronic disease
-gallstones
-inflammation
-fatty liver
-stroke

Question 29

elements of weight loss (nutrition)

Answer 29

lower calories, balance AMDR, all food groups

Question 30

elements of weight loss (activity)

Answer 30

regular to improve fitness

Question 31

elements of weight loss (behavior)

Answer 31

do not deprive, ask why what and how of eating