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nutrition > Chapter 4: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Monosaccharides

A

-glucose
-fructose
-galactose

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2
Q

How much glucose do you need in your blood

A

130 g/d

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3
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + fructose

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4
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + galactose

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5
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + glucose

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6
Q

Complex carbs

A

Polysaccharides

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7
Q

Polysaccharides

A

-starch
-glycogen
-fiber

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8
Q

Fiber DRI (men & women)

A

Men: 38g/day
Women: 25g/day

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9
Q

Benefits of fiber

A

-lowers cholesterol
-lowers risk of cancer

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10
Q

Risks of fiber

A

-you need more water

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11
Q

Liquid fat

A

Unsaturated

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12
Q

Solid fat

A

Saturated

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13
Q

Benefits of whole grain

A

-fiber
-vitamin e
-iron

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14
Q

Refined grains are only

A

The endosperm of the wheat (carbs)

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15
Q

Most of the grain by weight is

A

The endosperm

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16
Q

50-80% of the nutrients in grain come from

A

The bran layers

17
Q

Goal 1 of dietary guidelines

A

-reduced risk of chronic illness

18
Q

Goal 2 of dietary guidelines

A

-nutritional adequacy

19
Q

Goal 3 of dietary guidelines

A

-maintain a healthy body weight

20
Q

What enzyme secreted by the pancreas breaks down starch

A

Amylase

21
Q

King of exercise energy

A

Carbs

22
Q

Main functions of carbs

A

-ENERGY
-RBC, brain, CNS
-ketones
-protein breakdown (bad)

23
Q

How is lactose intolerance different from a milk allergy

A

It’s not an immune reaction

24
Q

What is lactose intolerance

A

When there is no lactase (or not enough) present to break down milk sugars (lactose) that they ferment instead of breaking down

25
Q

Pancrease produces (endocrine)

A

Insulin & glucagon

26
Q

Elevated blood glucose…

A

Release of insulin, glucose->glycogen

27
Q

Low blood glucose

A

Release of glucagon, glycogen->glucose

28
Q

Diabetes signs

A

-polydypsia
-polyphagia
-polyuria
-vision changes

29
Q

Polydypsia

A

Always thirsty

30
Q

Polyphagia

A

Always hungry

31
Q

Polyuria

A

Always urinating

32
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Limited insulin production

33
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin resistance

34
Q

Type 1 diabetes treatment

A

Monitor carb intake

35
Q

Type 2 diabetes treatment

A

-monitor carb intake
-medication to increase insulin sensitivity
-exercise

36
Q

Consequences of elevated blood glucose

A

-blindness
-kidney failure
-heart disease & stroke
-nerve damage
-increased infections
-poor wound healing-> amputation

nutrition (28 decks)

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