Chapter 4: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Monosaccharides
-glucose
-fructose
-galactose
How much glucose do you need in your blood
130 g/d
Sucrose
Glucose + fructose
Lactose
Glucose + galactose
Maltose
Glucose + glucose
Complex carbs
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
-starch
-glycogen
-fiber
Fiber DRI (men & women)
Men: 38g/day
Women: 25g/day
Benefits of fiber
-lowers cholesterol
-lowers risk of cancer
Risks of fiber
-you need more water
Liquid fat
Unsaturated
Solid fat
Saturated
Benefits of whole grain
-fiber
-vitamin e
-iron
Refined grains are only
The endosperm of the wheat (carbs)
Most of the grain by weight is
The endosperm
50-80% of the nutrients in grain come from
The bran layers
Goal 1 of dietary guidelines
-reduced risk of chronic illness
Goal 2 of dietary guidelines
-nutritional adequacy
Goal 3 of dietary guidelines
-maintain a healthy body weight
What enzyme secreted by the pancreas breaks down starch
Amylase
King of exercise energy
Carbs
Main functions of carbs
-ENERGY
-RBC, brain, CNS
-ketones
-protein breakdown (bad)
How is lactose intolerance different from a milk allergy
It’s not an immune reaction
What is lactose intolerance
When there is no lactase (or not enough) present to break down milk sugars (lactose) that they ferment instead of breaking down
Pancrease produces (endocrine)
Insulin & glucagon
Elevated blood glucose…
Release of insulin, glucose->glycogen
Low blood glucose
Release of glucagon, glycogen->glucose
Diabetes signs
-polydypsia
-polyphagia
-polyuria
-vision changes
Polydypsia
Always thirsty
Polyphagia
Always hungry
Polyuria
Always urinating
Type 1 diabetes
Limited insulin production
Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance
Type 1 diabetes treatment
Monitor carb intake
Type 2 diabetes treatment
-monitor carb intake
-medication to increase insulin sensitivity
-exercise
Consequences of elevated blood glucose
-blindness
-kidney failure
-heart disease & stroke
-nerve damage
-increased infections
-poor wound healing-> amputation
