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nutrition > Exam 2: Lipids > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

functions of fats

A

-energy (unlimited storage)
-protection (organs)
-insulation (temp)
-transport of nutrients/vitamins
-hormone regulation (synthesis)
-nervous transmission
-components of cell membrane

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3
Q

three classes of lipids

A

-triglycerides and fatty acids
-sterols
-phospholipids

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4
Q

fatty acids have what ends?

A

omega end, and alpha end

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5
Q

omega end is a

A

methyl group

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6
Q

alpha end is a

A

acid group

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7
Q

saturated fatty acid (chem)

A

no double bonds, saturated with hydrogen

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8
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid (chem)

A

one double bond

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9
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid (chem)

A

has multiple double bonds

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10
Q

omega 3

A

double bonds begin on the 3rd carbon

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11
Q

omega 6

A

double bonds begin on the 6th carbon

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12
Q

what is a triglyceride

A

3 fatty acids connected at the carbon backbone

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13
Q

saturated fats food sources

A

meats, animals

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14
Q

monounsaturated fats food sources

A

avacodos, olive oil, nuts

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15
Q

polyunsaturated fats food sources

A

fish, vegetable oil, nuts

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16
Q

omega 6 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

linoleic acid

17
Q

omega 3 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

linolenic acid

18
Q

essential polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

linoleic and linolenic

19
Q

benefits of omega 3

A

-lowers blood pressure

20
Q
A
21
Q

what is emulsification?

A

fat mixing with other stuff to get into water

22
Q

phospholipid food sources

A

-egg yolk
-soy beans
-peanuts

23
Q

what is the structure of a phospholipid

A

a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

24
Q

where does most of the lipid digestion take place?

A

small intestine, (some happens in mouth and stomach)

25
Q

what is a chylomicron made of?

A

-triglyceride
-cholesterol
-phospholipids
-protein

26
Q

where are chylomicrons made?

A

the small intestine

27
Q

where do chylomicrons go after the small intestine?

A

lymphatic system then blood

28
Q

what does VLDL do?

A

delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells

29
Q

what des HDL do?

A

removes excess cholesterol from cells

30
Q

where are VLDL formed?

A

in the liver

31
Q

how is LDL formed?

A

VLDL loses fat and becomes LDL

32
Q

what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?

A

when too much LDL oxidizes

33
Q

what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?

A

plaque buildup in the arteries

34
Q

things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease

A

-smoking
-high blood pressure
-diabetes
-age >65
-bad diet

35
Q

recommendations to prevent CVD

A

-medication
-low fat diet
-eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants)
-high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

36
Q

recomended % calories from fat

A

20-35%

37
Q

what does myplate say about saturated fat

A

reduce it

38
Q

what does myplate say about transfat

A

eliminate it

nutrition (28 decks)

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