Exam 2: Lipids

Question 2

functions of fats

Answer 2

-energy (unlimited storage)
-protection (organs)
-insulation (temp)
-transport of nutrients/vitamins
-hormone regulation (synthesis)
-nervous transmission
-components of cell membrane

Question 3

three classes of lipids

Answer 3

-triglycerides and fatty acids
-sterols
-phospholipids

Question 4

fatty acids have what ends?

Answer 4

omega end, and alpha end

Question 5

omega end is a

Answer 5

methyl group

Question 6

alpha end is a

Answer 6

acid group

Question 7

saturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 7

no double bonds, saturated with hydrogen

Question 8

monounsaturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 8

one double bond

Question 9

polyunsaturated fatty acid (chem)

Answer 9

has multiple double bonds

Question 10

omega 3

Answer 10

double bonds begin on the 3rd carbon

Question 11

omega 6

Answer 11

double bonds begin on the 6th carbon

Question 12

what is a triglyceride

Answer 12

3 fatty acids connected at the carbon backbone

Question 13

saturated fats food sources

Answer 13

meats, animals

Question 14

monounsaturated fats food sources

Answer 14

avacodos, olive oil, nuts

Question 15

polyunsaturated fats food sources

Answer 15

fish, vegetable oil, nuts

Question 17

omega 6 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 17

linoleic acid

Question 18

omega 3 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 18

linolenic acid

Question 19

essential polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 19

linoleic and linolenic

Question 20

benefits of omega 3

Answer 20

-lowers blood pressure

Question 22

what is emulsification?

Answer 22

fat mixing with other stuff to get into water

Question 23

phospholipid food sources

Answer 23

-egg yolk
-soy beans
-peanuts

Question 24

what is the structure of a phospholipid

Answer 24

a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 25

where does most of the lipid digestion take place?

Answer 25

small intestine, (some happens in mouth and stomach)

Question 26

what is a chylomicron made of?

Answer 26

-triglyceride
-cholesterol
-phospholipids
-protein

Question 27

where are chylomicrons made?

Answer 27

the small intestine

Question 28

where do chylomicrons go after the small intestine?

Answer 28

lymphatic system then blood

Question 29

what does VLDL do?

Answer 29

delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells

Question 30

what des HDL do?

Answer 30

removes excess cholesterol from cells

Question 31

where are VLDL formed?

Answer 31

in the liver

Question 32

how is LDL formed?

Answer 32

VLDL loses fat and becomes LDL

Question 33

what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?

Answer 33

when too much LDL oxidizes

Question 34

what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?

Answer 34

plaque buildup in the arteries

Question 35

things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 35

-smoking
-high blood pressure
-diabetes
-age >65
-bad diet

Question 36

recommendations to prevent CVD

Answer 36

-medication
-low fat diet
-eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants)
-high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

Question 37

recomended % calories from fat

Answer 37

20-35%

Question 38

what does myplate say about saturated fat

Answer 38

reduce it

Question 39

what does myplate say about transfat

Answer 39

eliminate it