Exam 2: Lipids Flashcards
functions of fats
-energy (unlimited storage)
-protection (organs)
-insulation (temp)
-transport of nutrients/vitamins
-hormone regulation (synthesis)
-nervous transmission
-components of cell membrane
three classes of lipids
-triglycerides and fatty acids
-sterols
-phospholipids
fatty acids have what ends?
omega end, and alpha end
omega end is a
methyl group
alpha end is a
acid group
saturated fatty acid (chem)
no double bonds, saturated with hydrogen
monounsaturated fatty acid (chem)
one double bond
polyunsaturated fatty acid (chem)
has multiple double bonds
omega 3
double bonds begin on the 3rd carbon
omega 6
double bonds begin on the 6th carbon
what is a triglyceride
3 fatty acids connected at the carbon backbone
saturated fats food sources
meats, animals
monounsaturated fats food sources
avacodos, olive oil, nuts
polyunsaturated fats food sources
fish, vegetable oil, nuts
omega 6 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid
linoleic acid
omega 3 is what kind of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid
linolenic acid
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids
linoleic and linolenic
benefits of omega 3
-lowers blood pressure
what is emulsification?
fat mixing with other stuff to get into water
phospholipid food sources
-egg yolk
-soy beans
-peanuts
what is the structure of a phospholipid
a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
where does most of the lipid digestion take place?
small intestine, (some happens in mouth and stomach)
what is a chylomicron made of?
-triglyceride
-cholesterol
-phospholipids
-protein
where are chylomicrons made?
the small intestine
where do chylomicrons go after the small intestine?
lymphatic system then blood
what does VLDL do?
delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells
what des HDL do?
removes excess cholesterol from cells
where are VLDL formed?
in the liver
how is LDL formed?
VLDL loses fat and becomes LDL
what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?
when too much LDL oxidizes
what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?
plaque buildup in the arteries
things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease
-smoking
-high blood pressure
-diabetes
-age >65
-bad diet
recommendations to prevent CVD
-medication
-low fat diet
-eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants)
-high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6
recomended % calories from fat
20-35%
what does myplate say about saturated fat
reduce it
what does myplate say about transfat
eliminate it
