Chapter 6: Protein

Question 1

how are proteins differentiated

Answer 1

side chain / r group

Question 2

what is the structure of amino acids

Answer 2

amino group, carboxyl group, carbon, r group

Question 3

pathway of making a protein

Answer 3

-dna
-rna
-cytoplasm
-trna
-ribosome
-amino acid
-

Question 3

most simple amino acid (glycine) r group

Answer 3

H

Question 4

how are proteins bonded

Answer 4

dehydration synthesis

Question 5

example of a small protein

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

what is unique in the make up of proteins from the other macros

Answer 6

nitrogen

Question 7

how many amino acids are essential

Answer 7

9/20

Question 8

what does essential mean

Answer 8

you cannot synthesize it, you must get it from your diet

Question 9

why does protein get digested in the stomach

Answer 9

the acid denatures it

Question 10

are proteins clipped in the stomach

Answer 10

only a little

Question 11

where are proteins mostly clipped

Answer 11

the small intestine

Question 12

what enzyme clips proteins

Answer 12

protiaze

Question 13

are di and tri peptides absorbed into the blood

Answer 13

yes but mostly single aa

Question 14

functions of protein

Answer 14

-growth and maintenance
-fluid balance
-acid base balance
-building enzymes, hormones, and compounds
-immunity antibodies
-providing energy and glucose
-blood clotting
-transport
-protein balance

Question 15

gluconeogenesis

Answer 15

making glucose from amino acids

Question 16

what does protein do for acid base balance

Answer 16

aa keep the blood at the right ph

Question 17

what is edema

Answer 17

when protein leaves the blood and the fluid goes to the tissues

Question 18

what is a positive protein balance

Answer 18

intake of protein is greater than the excretion (growth)

Question 19

what is negative protein balance

Answer 19

intake of protein is lower than the excretion (inadequate protein intake)

Question 20

what makes a protein “high quality”

Answer 20

it has all the right aa in the right proportions

Question 21

how much aa do low quality proteins have

Answer 21

some but not a lot, not enough to meet rda

Question 22

rda for protein

Answer 22

.8g/kg

Question 23

average calorie intake for protein

Answer 23

10-35%

Question 24

how much protein a serving

Answer 24

20g

Question 25

consequences of too little protein

Answer 25

-malnutrition
-slow growth
-impaired immune system
-impaired nutrient absorption
-impaired brain & kidney function

Question 26

types of malnutrition

Answer 26

-kwashiorkor
-marasmus

Question 27

what is kwashiorkor

Answer 27

not enough protein

Question 28

symptoms of kwashiorkors

Answer 28

-edema
-enlarged liver
-mild weightloss

Question 29

what is marasmus

Answer 29

not enough protein or calories

Question 30

symptoms of marasmus

Answer 30

-dramatic muscle and fat loss
-matchstick arms
-hair gets reddish and falls out

Question 31

is there a protein UL

Answer 31

not enough evidence to prove

Question 32

what effect does exercise have on protein

Answer 32

it increases your body’s ability to synthesize protein for the next 24 hours

Question 33

why are aa supplements bad

Answer 33

they may overload certain transporters, should vary aa intake

Question 34

lacto-ovo

Answer 34

can eat milk and eggs

Question 35

lacto

Answer 35

can eat milk

Question 36

nutrients of concern for vegetarian diet

Answer 36

-protein
-omega 3 fats
-vitamin b12
-vitamin D
-calcium
-zinc
-iron (not more than normal)

Question 37

nutrigenomics

Answer 37

effects of nutrients on gene expression

Question 38

nutrigenetics

Answer 38

the effect of gene variation on response to nutrients