Chapter 6: Protein Flashcards
how are proteins differentiated
side chain / r group
what is the structure of amino acids
amino group, carboxyl group, carbon, r group
pathway of making a protein
-dna
-rna
-cytoplasm
-trna
-ribosome
-amino acid
-
most simple amino acid (glycine) r group
H
how are proteins bonded
dehydration synthesis
example of a small protein
insulin
what is unique in the make up of proteins from the other macros
nitrogen
how many amino acids are essential
9/20
what does essential mean
you cannot synthesize it, you must get it from your diet
why does protein get digested in the stomach
the acid denatures it
are proteins clipped in the stomach
only a little
where are proteins mostly clipped
the small intestine
what enzyme clips proteins
protiaze
are di and tri peptides absorbed into the blood
yes but mostly single aa
functions of protein
-growth and maintenance
-fluid balance
-acid base balance
-building enzymes, hormones, and compounds
-immunity antibodies
-providing energy and glucose
-blood clotting
-transport
-protein balance
gluconeogenesis
making glucose from amino acids
what does protein do for acid base balance
aa keep the blood at the right ph
what is edema
when protein leaves the blood and the fluid goes to the tissues
what is a positive protein balance
intake of protein is greater than the excretion (growth)
what is negative protein balance
intake of protein is lower than the excretion (inadequate protein intake)
what makes a protein “high quality”
it has all the right aa in the right proportions
how much aa do low quality proteins have
some but not a lot, not enough to meet rda
rda for protein
.8g/kg
average calorie intake for protein
10-35%
how much protein a serving
20g
consequences of too little protein
-malnutrition
-slow growth
-impaired immune system
-impaired nutrient absorption
-impaired brain & kidney function
types of malnutrition
-kwashiorkor
-marasmus
what is kwashiorkor
not enough protein
symptoms of kwashiorkors
-edema
-enlarged liver
-mild weightloss
what is marasmus
not enough protein or calories
symptoms of marasmus
-dramatic muscle and fat loss
-matchstick arms
-hair gets reddish and falls out
is there a protein UL
not enough evidence to prove
what effect does exercise have on protein
it increases your body’s ability to synthesize protein for the next 24 hours
why are aa supplements bad
they may overload certain transporters, should vary aa intake
lacto-ovo
can eat milk and eggs
lacto
can eat milk
nutrients of concern for vegetarian diet
-protein
-omega 3 fats
-vitamin b12
-vitamin D
-calcium
-zinc
-iron (not more than normal)
nutrigenomics
effects of nutrients on gene expression
nutrigenetics
the effect of gene variation on response to nutrients
