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nutrition > Final Exam 4 > Flashcards

Final Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

fiber intake

A

-38 g for men
-25 g for women

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2
Q

benefits of fiber

A

-lower cholesterol
-lower risk of cancer

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3
Q

food sources of fiber

A

-fruits
-veg
-whole grain

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4
Q

whole grain sources

A

-brown rice
-oats
-popcorn
-quinoa

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5
Q

carbs are not digested where

A

the stomach

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6
Q

how do carbs enter bloodstream?

A

small intestine

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7
Q

functions of carbs

A

-provide energy
-RBC, CNS
-Ketones
-Protein breakdown

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8
Q

What is lactose intolerance

A

When there is no lactase (or not enough) present to break down milk sugars (lactose) that they ferment instead of breaking down

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Elevated blood glucose…

A

Release of insulin, glucose->glycogen

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11
Q

Low blood glucose

A

Release of glucagon, glycogen->glucose

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12
Q

Diabetes signs

A

-polydypsia
-polyphagia
-polyuria
-vision changes

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13
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

limited insulin production

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14
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

insulin resistance

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15
Q

type 1 diabetes treatment

A

monitor carb intake

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16
Q

type 2 diabetes treatment

A

-monitor carb intake
-medication to increase insulin sensitivity
-exercise

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17
Q

consequences of elevated blood glucose

A

-blindness
-kidney failure
-heart disease & stroke
-nerve damage
-increased infections
-poor wound healing (amputations)

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18
Q

monosaccharides

A

-glucose
-galactose
-fructose

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19
Q

disaccharides

A

-sucrose
-lactose
-maltose

20
Q

polysaccharides

A

-glycogen
-fiber
-starch

21
Q

refined grains

A

only endosperm (outside)

22
Q

enriched grains

A

fortified refined grains

23
Q

whole grains

A

entire grain seed

24
Q

functions of lipids

A

-energy storage
-protection (organs)
-transport nutrients & vitamins
-hormone regulation
-nervous transmission

25
Q

functions of lipids in food

A

-flavor
-aroma
-satiety
-essential fatty acids
-moisture

26
Q

types of lipids

A

-triglycerides and fatty acids
-sterols
-phospholipids

27
Q

fatty acid structure

A

string of carbons with one methyl group (omega end) and acid group (alpha end)

28
Q

triglyceride structure

A

-glycerol backbone with three fatty acids

29
Q

do saturated fats have double bonds

A

no

30
Q

do monounsaturated fats have double bonds

A

yes, one

31
Q

do polyunsaturated fats have double bonds

A

yes,
3 = omega 3
6 = omega 6

32
Q

what kind of lipid do we usually consume

A

trigylcerides

33
Q

structure of sterols

A

multiple rings

34
Q

saturated fat food sources

A

-meats/animals

35
Q

monounsaturated fat food sources

A

-avocado
-olive oil
-nuts

36
Q

polyunsaturated fat food sources

A

-fish
-vegetable oil
-nuts

37
Q

cholesterol food sources

A

-eggs
-meat
-dairy

38
Q

how are lipids digested

A

emulsification with bile in small intestine

39
Q

what are chylomicrons made of

A

-triglyceride
-cholesterol
-phospholipid
-protein

40
Q

what does VLDL do?

A

delivers cholesterol and triglycerides to the cells

41
Q

what des HDL do?

A

removes excess cholesterol from cells

42
Q

what is atherosclerosis (molecular)?

A

when too much LDL oxidizes

43
Q

what is atherosclerosis (symptoms)?

A

plaque buildup in the arteries

44
Q

things that put you at risk for cardiovascular disease

A

-smoking
-high blood pressure
-diabetes
-age >65
-bad diet

45
Q

recommendations to prevent CVD

A

-medication
-low fat diet
-eating plant based foods (anti-oxidants)
-high ratio of omega 3 to omega 6

46
Q

what does myplate say about saturated fat

A

reduce it

nutrition (28 decks)

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