Fenoli Flashcards

1
Q

def

A

comp hidroxilici in care OH e legat de un C al unui nuc benzenic, hibridizare sp2
Ar-OH
primul fenol/ hidroxibenzen

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2
Q

clasif dupa nr OH

A

monohidroxilici - fenol, crezol - are pe nuc un CH3 si un OH (orto 2, meta 3, para 4
polihidroxilici - paradifenol/ hidrochinona, 1,2,3 trifenol/ pirogal

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3
Q

obt prin topirea sarurilor ac sulfonici ai arenelor cu hidroxizi alcalini

A

t aprox 300 grade
rez fenol si sulfit de Na
se ut in special pt obt naftolilor

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4
Q

obt prin oxidarea izopropilbenzenului

A

benzen+propena, prin alchilare=izopropilbenzen/ cumen+O2 la 120 grade=hidroperoxid+H2SO4 diluat=fenol +acetona

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5
Q

obt din prod rez la cocsificarea carbunilor

A

distilare uscata = incalzirea carbunilor la temp ridicate 900-1000 grade, in absenta aerului

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6
Q

prop fiz

A

subst solide, miros patrunzator si neplacut
putin sol in apa, solubili in alcool, benzen etc
pur, forma de cristale incolore
la aer, cu timpul, coloratie rosie, dat oxidarii
caustic, subst toxica

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7
Q

prop chim

A

rad fenil si OH se infl reciproc
dat rad OH capata prop acide
dat OH, H2 de pe rad dev mai mobili si mai apti pt substitutie
1. react det prez OH, comune cu cele de la alcooli
2.react det de nuc benzenic, similare cu cele de la benzen

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8
Q
  1. aciditatea fenolilor
A

caract slab acid
ca si alcooli, dau saruri numite fenoxizi
dif e ca react si cu hidroxizii alcalini, alcolii react doar cu met alcaline
acestea dem ca fenolii au caract mai acid decat alcoolii si asta dat nuc benzenic
ca si alcoxizii, fenoxizii sunt comp ionizati, solubili in apa, ei pot fi desc chiar in acizi slabi cum e ac carbonic

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9
Q
  1. react de subst
A

mai usor la fenoli decat la hidrocarb arom
dau react de halogenare, nitrare, sulfonare
hidrogenarea fenolului dec ca o react de aditie, si se real catalitic in prez de Ni, la pres si temp de aprox 200 grade -> ciclohexanol
react sta la baza fibrelor sintetice de tip relon

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10
Q

ut

A

fenolul - medicamente, coloranti, ierbicide, sol antiseptice, fibre sintetice, novolac, bachelita
crezolii au prop antiseptice si sunt ut ca dezinfectant in sol apoasa de sapun=creolina
naftolii - ind colorantilor
hidrochinona - reducator in tehnica foto
pirogalolul - dozarea O2 din gaze, reducator si el
timol - uleiul de cimbru, dezinfectant slab
orcina - licheni, comp a turnesolului, indicator acido-bazic

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