Aminoacizi Flashcards

1
Q
def
nomenclatura
A

comp org cu funct mixta, ce cont gr carboxilice si aminice
R-COOH
NH2
prefix amino + numele ac carbox, indicandu-se si poz rel a gr / den specif

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2
Q

tipuri de aminoac nat

A

alifatici, de tip a
dupa nr gr funct:
1. monoamino-monocarbox: glicina, alanina, valina
2. monoamino-dicarbox: glutamic, asparagic
3. diamino-monocarbox: lisina
4. hidroxilati: serina
5. tiolici: cisteina

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3
Q

prop fiz

A

subst solide, cristaline, pt mare > 250 grade
usor sol in apa, greu sol/ insol in solv org
sol apoase - caract neutru pt ca prin ionizare cele 2 gr isi compenseaza reciproc sarcinile
- la ionizare, aminoac for ioni cu ambele tipuri de sarcini=amfioni -> caract amfoter=pot react ca baze fata de ac si ca ac fata de baze
- accepta protoni ca bazele, cedeaza protoni ca ac -> la tratarea unei sol apoase de aminoac cu o cant dintr-un ac/ baza, acestea sunt neutralizate, iar in sol nu raman decat ionii aminoac=sol tampon

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4
Q

prop chim

A
specif gr funct
carboxil: saruri cu bazele
- esteri cu alcoolii
- cloruri acide cu pentaclorura de fosfor
gr aminica: saruri cu ac min
- se poate acila
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5
Q

peptide

A

posibilitatea aminoac de a react intramolec prin intermediul gr cu caract chim opus -> peptide=tip special de amide substituite la azot
- simple/ mixte in funct de part
- daca part 2 aminoac dif se obt alaturi de cele 2 dipeptide simple si 2 dipeptide mixte
prod de hidroliza partiale a prot nat si servesc la descifrarea struct acestora
apar si in org vii si au funct vitale

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