Alchine

Question 1

denumire

Answer 1

acetilene
CnH2n-2
ter 3 + - poz leg truple -> a marginale/ intrene
radical: ina -> inil

Question 2

struct

Answer 2

sp - geometrie coaxiala/ diagonala
1s + 1p
tetravalenta: 2 sp + 2 p
p + p - perpendiculai intre ei si perpendiculari pe sigma -> 2 leg pi

Question 3

leg tripla

izomerie

Answer 3

unghi 180 grade
C-C = 1, 204 A
C-H = 1,57 A
2 leg pi -> leg tripla din acetilena si alchinele marginale are caract polar cu pol neg la H -> at de H - caract slab acid
catena, poz

Question 4

prop fiz

Answer 4

acetilena, propina, 1-butina - gaze
pf, pt, densitate > alchene, alcani
acetilena - partial sol in apa
- 0 grade - 1 vol apa dizolva 1,7 vol acetileNa
- nu poate fi transp in tuburi sub pres in stare lichida pt ca explodeaza
- se ttansp in tuburi cu acetona, in care e f sol: 1 vol actona dizolva pana la 300 vol acetilena la 12 atm
- desc de davy in 1836

Question 5

obt carbid ind

Answer 5

CaCO3/ piatra de var -> CaO/ var nestins + CO2
CaO + 3C -> CaC2/ carbid/ carbura de Ca + CO
struct ionica

Question 6

obt acetilena

prop chim

Answer 6

CaC2 + 2H2O -> acetilena + hidroxid de Ca
- r put exoterma
caract nesat mai pronuntat ca alchenel

Question 7

r aditie

Answer 7

1. H2 - totala -> etan in prez de Ni, Pt, Pd si exces H2
   - partiala -> etena in prez de Pd/Pb, randament mic, maj tot etanul
2. X2 - 2 etape, in solvent inert
   - sol de Br se decoloreaza
   - in faza gazoasa, acetilena +Cl2 -> 2C + HCl
3. HX - 2 etape: monohalogen, dihalogen
   - cu HgCl2 la 170-200 grade
   - se obt cl de vinil
4. H2O/ react Kucerov - in prez de HgSO4/ H2SO4
   - etapa 1: alcool vinilic- enol, instabil
   - etapa 2: etanal/ aldehida

Question 8

r ardere

Answer 8

flacara luminoasa, temp f inalte
fum, dat formarii de C fin ce dev incandescente
C se obt dat desc termice a unei parti a acetilenei
flacara oxiacetilenica - 3000 grade - sudare

Question 9

r subst

Answer 9

H slab acizi se inloc c ioni de metale -> acetiluri metalice

1. met din gr 1A si 2A, alcaline si alcalino-pamantoase -> la 150 grade, acetilura monometalica, apoi dimetalica
   - subst ionice la temp obisnuite
   - react energic cu apa, regenerand alchina

Question 10

r subst cu met tranz

Answer 10

2. comb complexe ale met tranz Cu, Ag -> comp greu sol in sol apoase, precipitate
   - cu reactiv tollens -> acetilura de diargint - precipitat alb-galbui
   - cu clorura de diaminocupru -> acetilura de dicupru, precipitat rosu brun
   - acetilurile met tranz - stabile fata de apa, dar in stare uscata, prin lovire si la incalzire - puternic explozive
   - met analitica de identif a acetilenei