Alchene

Question 1

rad cu den uzuae

Answer 1

etenil - vinil

propenil - alil

Question 2

hibridizare

Answer 2

sp2 -> geometrie plana, trigonala
tetravalenta: 3 sp2 + 1 p
p + p => pi
sp2 + sp2 => sigma

Question 3

unghi

ungime

Answer 3

120 grade

1,33 A

Question 4

izomerie

Answer 4

catena
poz
geometrici - dat perpendicularitatii lui pi pe sigma
- substituenti dif la fiecare C participant la leg dubla
- aceeasi pereche de substituenti, dif intre ei -> cis - aceeasi parte
trans - parti opuse ale planului
butena are 4 izomeri

Question 5

prop fiz

Answer 5

C2 - C4 gaze
pana la C18 - lichide
sup - solide
pf/ pt mai mici ca la alcani
densitate mai mare ca la alcani
insol in apa, sol in solventi organici
pf, densitate, solubilitate : cis > trans
pt:  trans > cis

Question 6

prop chim

Answer 6

pi mai slaba -> reactivitate mare
r specif leg duble: aditie, oxidare, polimerizare
comune cu alcanii: substitutie, ardere

Question 7

aditia

Answer 7

r caract

1. H2 -> Ni, Pt, Pd, 80-180 grade, 200 atm
   - are loc in sist heterogen
2. X2 -> deriv dihalog vicinal
   - olefine, nume dat datorita transf in comp saturati cu aspect uleios
   - Cl < Br < I
   - solvent inert: CCl4, CS2, CH2Cl2
   - aditia de cl si br e instantanee si cantitativa -> identif si det cantitativa
   - halogenul de cons si sol dev incolora

Question 8

aditia 1.HX, 2.H2O

Answer 8

1. clorura de etil = kelen = primul anestezic
   - usurinta aditionarii e inversa halogenilor
2. in prez de ac sulfuric conc -> alcool

Question 9

ox blanda

Answer 9

reactiv bayer = sol neutra/ slab bazica de permanganat de K, violet
-> dioli vicinali
- dec permanganatului si obt unui precipitat brun
2 etena: 2 permanganat, 4 apa - 2MhO2, 2 Koh

Question 10

NO

Answer 10

C-H = -1
C-C = 0
C - heteroatom = +1

Question 11

ox energica

Answer 11

K2Cr2O7 - portocaliu/ KMnO4 - violet - in prez de ac sulfuric
CH2 -> CO2 si apa
CH -> R-Cooh
C -> cetona, R-CO-R

Question 12

arderea

Answer 12

nu se fol drept combustibili pt ca la temp ardere pot avea loc react de polimerizare
acelasi motiv pt evitarea alchenelor in benzina

Question 13

r subst

Answer 13

halogenare in poz alilica = vecina dublei leg
500-600 grade
-> comp monohalog nesat
clorura de alil - obt ind a glicerinei