Alcani

Question 1

izomerie

Answer 1

izomeri de catena
creste cu cresterea nr de C
C4 = 2
C5 = 3
C6 = 5
C7 = 9
C10 = 75
2 gr metil la al doilea C = pref neo
1 gr metil la al doilea C = pref izo

Question 2

radicali

Answer 2

metil
metilen/ metiliden
metin/ metilidin

Question 3

hibridizare
lung C-C
unghi

Answer 3

sp3
1, 54 A
109, 28

Question 4

prop fiz

Answer 4

1-4 + neopentan = gaze
lichizi pana la C17 inclusiv
sup = solizi
pf/ pt cresc cu masa molec
ramificatiile scad 
pf cresc mai uniform
molec neplo -> diz in solventi polari
solizi - plutesc pe apa
lichizi - la sup apei dat densitatii mai mici
inf - inodori

Question 5

prop chim

Answer 5

parafine - nereactiv la temp scazute
mare stab chim
c-c -> cracare, izomerizare, ardere
c-h -> substitutie, dehidrogenare, oxidare

Question 6

r subst

Answer 6

r caract
X2 -> deriv halog
cl, br = fotochim/ termic = 300-400 grade -> mono si policloralcani la fotochim
f, i = proc indirecte
monohalog alc cu mai mult de 2 C => amestecuri de comp monohalog, izomeri de poz

Question 7

r izomerizare

Answer 7

reversibila
amestec de hidrocarburi izomere
catalizatori: cl/ br de aluminiu umede la temp joase 50-100
- silicati de alumini=zeoliti nat/ sintetici, t=250-300

Question 8

benzina

Answer 8

aplicatie a react de izomerizare
izo-octanul=2,2,4 trimetil pentan - rezistent la detonare CO=100
n-heptan - detonant CO=0
CO=proc masic de izooctan

Question 9

cracare

Answer 9

t < 650

se rupe C-C -> am de alcani si alchene inf

Question 10

piroliza

Answer 10

t > 650
react de dehidrogenare pe langa cracare
dim mare -> temp joasa de desc
metan stabil pana la 900 grade

Question 11

piroliza metan

Answer 11

t > 1200
2 metan -> etena + 3H2
pt a evita desc acetilenei, t se scade sub 100
prod sec: C/ negru de fum + 2H2

Question 12

Q ardere

put calorica

Answer 12

caldura deg la arderea unui mol de subst
se mas in kj/ kcal
caldura deg la arderea unei mase de 1 kg/ un vol de 1 m3

Question 13

ox incompleta

Answer 13

cr cont de O
cr nr leg C-O
sc cont de H
gr de ox si NO cresc dp in seria: hidrocarb < hidroxilixi < carbonilici < ac carboxilici
stab la act ag ox
alc sup/ parafine se ox -> ac carbox sup=ac grasi ut la sapunuri

Question 14

arderea metanului in aer

Answer 14

atmosfera saraca in O
CH4+O2 -> C + 2H2O
negru de fum - fabricarea vopselelor si anvelopelor

Question 15

arderea incompleta

Answer 15

CH4 + 1/2 O2
gaz de sinteza = amestec de CO si H2 in rap de 1:2
ut la sinteza alcanilor sup si a metanolului
h - sinteza amoniacului

Question 16

gaz de apa

Answer 16

Ch4 + H2O la 800 grade si Ni -> CO + 3H2

Question 17

400 grade

Answer 17

60 atm

Ch4 + 1/2 O2 -> metanol

Question 18

400-600 grade

Answer 18

oxizi de N

metanal/ aldehida formica si apa

Question 19

obt HCN

Answer 19

ut in ind polimerilor, fibre sintetice
amonoxidare
1000 grade, Pt
Ch4 + NH3 + 3/2 O2 -> HCN + 3H2O