Esteri Flashcards

1
Q

def
caract react
nomenclatura

A

deriv funct ai ac carbox for prin el apei intre carboxil si hidroxil de tip alcoolic/ fenolic
se real in prez unui ac tare cap sa puna in libertate o cantitate mare de H+ care catalizeaza
r reversibila
e un ex de react de condensare
R-COOR, R dif sau id
suf at la ac+de+rad hidrocarb din alcool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

clasif

A
  1. dupa nat rad hidrocarb: alifatici, aromatici, micsti

2. dupa nr gr carboxil/ hidroxil modif: mono, di, tri, polifunct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

met de prep

A

esterif dir din ac carbox si alcooli/ fenoli
react de echilibru pt ca prod de react, esterul si apa, pot react refacand ac si alcoolul initial
la 1 mol de acid si 1 mol de alcool, la echilibru: 0, 66 moli ester, 0,66 moli apa, ramanand necomb 0,33 moli ac, 0, 33 moli alcool
la 1 mol ester si 1 mol apa, la echilibru, amestecul are aceeasi comp = 1/3 mol ac, 1/3 mol alcool, 2/3 mol ester, 2/3 mol apa
stab echi face ca rand react dir/ esterif si al react inverse/ hidroliza sa nu fie cantitativ si nici macar satisfacator
Kc = constanta de echi = prod de react / reactivi
Kc ac acetic = 4 la 25 grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deplasarea echilibrului

A

in sensul for unei cant mari de esteri, se face pe 2 cai:
1. fol unui reactant inexces, de obicei alcoolul
2. elim cont a unuia din prod de react, de obicei esterul
- in practica se ut 2, prin distilarea comp cu pf mic
ac carbox elim gr hidroxil din carboxil, iar alcoolul elim H2 din hidroxil - verf prin marcarea alcoolului cu izotropul O18 - a fost gasit integral la ester si nu la apa elim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

met de prep

A

tratarea alcoolilor sau fenolilor cu deriv funct ai ac carbox : cloruri, anhidride acide
ech de react e mult deplasat spre dreapta -> au rand bun si sunt pref

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prop fiz

A
lichizi/ solizi
insolub in apa, solub in solv org
pf inf ac si alc din care prov, neavand legaturi de H
incolori
miros frumos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

prop chim

A
  1. hidroliza - react inversa esterif - mediu bazic pt dep ech -> sare ac + alcool
    • amoniac -> alcool + amida - hidroliza bazica/ amonaliza a esterului
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

utilizare

A

solventi
plastfianti
esente frumos mirositoare in ind cosmetica si alim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly